英語(yǔ)四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀摸底測(cè)試題二

　　Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil,water and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world:

　　We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farmworkers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

　　Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs, " says a wise physician, Dr Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."

　　練習(xí)題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man…is part of nature" (Para. 1, Lines 3-4)?

　　A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.

　　B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.

　　C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.

　　D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental effects of pesticides?

　　2. What is the author"s attitude toward the environmental effects of pesticides?

　　A. Pessimistic

　　B. Indifferent

　　C. Defensive

　　D. Concerned

　　3. In the author"s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.

　　A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides

　　B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths

　　C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention

　　D. is unavoidable because people can"t do without pesticides in farming

　　4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemical because _____.

　　A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people"s health

　　B. the present is more important for them than the future

　　C. the danger does not become apparent immediately

　　D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

　　5. It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos remarks that _____.

　　A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with

　　B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal

　　C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure

　　D. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides

　　1.[B] 題干的句子是文章第1段第3句，這是一個(gè)帶有插入語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句，contrary在此表示跟part of nature相反，因此答案為B。

　　2.[D] 第2段后一句提到，我們必須更加關(guān)注吸收少量殺蟲(chóng)劑的潛在后果，它們正在不知不覺(jué)地污染我們的世界。因此，作者對(duì)殺蟲(chóng)劑對(duì)環(huán)境的影響關(guān)注且擔(dān)憂,D符合題意。

　　3.[A] 第2段第2句提到，殺蟲(chóng)劑使人突然發(fā)病或者死亡是很令人難過(guò)的亊，對(duì)于人口整體來(lái)說(shuō)，人類對(duì)殺蟲(chóng)劑長(zhǎng)期累計(jì)的潛在后果的認(rèn)識(shí)不足，才是嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，故選A。

　　4.[C] 根據(jù)第3段倒數(shù)第2句說(shuō)的“對(duì)未來(lái)的災(zāi)難無(wú)動(dòng)于衷是人的本性”以及后一句說(shuō)的"大多數(shù)人只對(duì)有明顯跡象的疾病予以關(guān)注”可知C正是人們忽視化學(xué)藥物的潛在危害的原因，故選C。

　　5.[D] Dubos博士話中“可怕的敵人”指的是“殺蟲(chóng)劑引起的潛在危險(xiǎn)”，博士話中的slowly approach them unnoticed直接表明D正確。

　　It happens to every medical student sooner or later. You get a cough that persists for a while. Ordinarily,you would just ignore it--but now, armed with your rapidly growing medical knowledge, you can’t help worrying. The cough could mean just a cold, but it could also be a sign of lung cancer.

　　For doctors in training, nurses and medical journalists, hypochondria is an occupational danger. The feeling usually passes after a while, leaving only a funny story to tell at a dinner party. But for the tens ofthousands who suffer from true hypochondria they live in constant terror that they are dying of some awfuldisease, or even several awful diseases at once. Doctors can assure them that there’s nothing wrong, but since the cough is real, the assurances fall on deaf ears. And because no physician or test can offer a 100% guarantee that one doesn’t have cancer, a hypochondriac always has fuel to feed Iris .or her worst fears.

　　Hypochondriacs don’t harm just themselves; they block the whole healthcare system. Although they account for only about 6% of the patients who visit doctors every year, they tend to burden their physicians with frequent visits that take up excessive amounts of time. And the problem may be worse, thanks to the popularity of medical information on the Internet. They go on the Web and learn about new diseases and new presentations of old diseases that they never even knew about before. Doctors have taken to calling this phenomenon cyberchondria (網(wǎng)絡(luò)疑病癥).

　　練習(xí)題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.According to the passage, if you suffer from hypochondria, ______.

　　A.you must be a medical student, or a medical worker

　　B.you are haunted by a possibly inexistent disease

　　C.you will never get rid of this disease

　　D.you always tell funny stories at dinner parties

　　2.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

　　A.Hypochondria happens to everybody sooner or later.

　　B.We needn’t worry about hypochondria since it is not dangerous at all.

　　C.Hypochondria originates from too much knowledge of medicine.

　　D.Not only individuals but also the healthcare system might be disturbed by unnecessary terrors.

　　3.Why can’t doctors convince the suffers that there is nothing wrong?

　　A.Because the doctors can’t cure the minor diseases

　　B.Because the doctors don’t assure them of that

　　C.Because the sufferers are deaf and cannot hear what the doctors say

　　D.Because lack of absolute guarantee makes the patients doubtful

　　4.The problem becomes worse due to _____

　　A.the increasing number of patients

　　B.the widespread medical knowledge on the Internet

　　C.the patients,regular visits to doctors that occupy too much time

　　D.new diseases and symptoms emerge constantly

　　5.What does the author most probably think about hypochondria?

　　A.The author considers that hypochondria is an incurable disease

　　B.The author thinks that the consequences of hypochondria might be disastrous

　　C.The author suggests that the patients who have hypochondria should set their hearts at rest

　　D.The author sympathizes with the patients who suffer from hypochondria

　　1.[B] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。仔細(xì)讀完第2段后半部分,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)hypochondria只是瞎猜疑，故選項(xiàng)B正確。時(shí)常懷疑自己生病是醫(yī)務(wù)人員的職業(yè)病，但為此困擾的并不僅僅是他們，因?yàn)榈?段第3句說(shuō)：“But... who suffer from true hypochondria...”，說(shuō)明醫(yī)務(wù)人員不是真正的疑病癥患者,故選項(xiàng)A不正確。選項(xiàng)C過(guò)于極端。選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)原文斷章取義。

　　2.[D] 主旨大意題。第1段以舉例方式引入主題，第2段對(duì)hypochondria下定義，第3段則論述其對(duì)醫(yī)療保健體系造成的干擾，選項(xiàng)D正確全面地概括了文章大意，為正確答案。全文的中心詞是hypochondria,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，干擾項(xiàng)(選項(xiàng)A、B、C)都出現(xiàn)了該詞，只有正確選項(xiàng)(選項(xiàng)D)沒(méi)有直接使用該詞。

　　3.[D] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中的“because no physician or test can offer a 100% guarantee that one doesn’t have cancer...”即可得出選項(xiàng)D正確。原文雖有表示“咳嗽確實(shí)存在”，但這并不意味著醫(yī)生不能治好類似的小毛病，因此選項(xiàng)A不正確。誤選C是沒(méi)有正確理解短語(yǔ)fall on deaf ears,該固定表達(dá)的意思是“充耳不聞”。

　　4.[B] 推理判斷題。句中thanks to是諷刺的用法，引出原因，故選項(xiàng)B正確。本題考查因果關(guān)系，要辨別明顯的因果關(guān)系，只要關(guān)注文中是否有because, reason, due to, thanks to, result等詞即可。

　　5.[C] 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從作者對(duì)hypochondria的描述可以看出此病只是源于多疑，并非生理上的不治之癥，因此只要病人們放寬心，此病就能痊愈。故選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)A的incurable和B的disastrous都太，比較容易排除。而本文基調(diào)較為客觀，作者沒(méi)有表露個(gè)人情感，故選項(xiàng)D也不正確。

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