2012年12月英語四六級寫作技巧之不帶偏見
Stylish English is …
Bias-free language
不帶偏見
無偏見語言指我們必須在口語和書面語中消除種族偏見和性別歧視,從而保證政治上的正確。
隨著時間的推移,很多種族已廢除了強加給他們的種族稱謂,而使用自己的名稱,例如,黑人不管他們是否愿意,曾被人叫作"colored"。在他們逐漸從文化歧視中解放出來后,他們的稱呼也逐漸改變。在不同時期,他們被稱為Black和Afro-Americans。近,他們則愿意別人叫他們African-American。另一方面,中國人認為"Chink"和"Chinaman"這兩個詞具有侮辱性,因為這些是19世紀殖民者用過的貶義詞。
性別歧視怎么樣呢?我們詞匯中有許多帶有性別歧視的詞語,如"fireman/history和stewardess"。
Biased: Liu Bing wants to be a policeman when he graduates from high school.
Better: Liu Bing wants to be a police officer when he graduates from high school.
Biased: Mary will be the new chairman of the committee.
Better: Mary will be the new chairperson of the committee.
為公平對待,人們發明了一種新的性別詞,即his/her。his/her既可用于男性也可用于女性,這樣才算平等。
例: A soldier serves his or her country by joining the arm forces. During peaceful times, he or she drills and exercises; in times of war, he or she goes to the battlefield.
雖然這樣用聽起來很公平,卻是不正確的。必須有更好的方法來解決這一問題。
※ 解決方法之一即是把你的先行詞變為復數,用they,their和them,而不顯示出性別。
例 Soldiers serve their country by joining the arm forces. During peaceful times, they drill and exercise; In times of war, they go to the battlefield.
※ 解決方法之二是使用被動語態。通過被動語態的使用,就可避免提及動作方是誰,不說出動作者的身份也就可隱瞞動作者是男是女。也就無所謂性別歧視了。
Before: A college graduate should file his or her employment application with the human resources department.
After: An application for employment should be filed with the human resources department.
※ 解決方法之三是如果你的文章屬于指導性文章,則采用第二人稱代詞。第二人稱代詞沒有性別歧視之嫌。
Before: A college graduate should file his or her employment application with the human resources department.
After: You should file your employment application with the human resources department.
※ 解決方法之四是后還可以刪除所有包括第三人稱代詞在內的不必要的代詞。
Before: A college graduate should file his or her employment application with the human resources department.
Before: You should file your employment application with the human resources department.
After: To apply for employment, file an application with the human resources department.
更多寫作技巧:
2012年12月英語四六級寫作技巧之語態的隱含意義
2012年12月英語四六級寫作技巧之少用關系代詞
2012年12月英語四六級寫作技巧之平行結構
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