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　　1)對立法——先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，適用于有爭議性的主題。
　　[1] When asked about..., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that …. But I think/view a bit differently.
　　[2] When it comes to ...., some people believe that…. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the former/latter.
　　[3] Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that..... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

　　2)現象法——引出要剖析的現象或者問題，然后評論。
　　[1] Recently the rise in the problem/phenomenon of ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.
　　[2] Recently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus/into public attention.
　　[3] Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

　　3)觀點法——開門見山，直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法。
　　[1] Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...
　　[2] Now there is a(n)growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to....
　　[3] Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ....
　　[4] Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....

　　4)引用法——先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，來引出文章要展開論述的觀點。
　　[1] "Knowledge is power." This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.
　　[2] "Education is not complete with graduation." This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.
　　[3] "...." We often hear statements/words like those/this.
　　[4] We often hear such traditional complains as this "....".

　　5)比較法——通過對過去、現在兩種不同的傾向、觀點的比較，引出文章要討論的觀點。
　　[1] For years, ...had been viewed as .... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ..., people ....
　　[2] People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new idea.

　　6)故事法——先講一個較短的故事來引發讀者的興趣，引出文章的主題。(建議少用)
　　[1] Once in (a newspaper), I read of/learnt..... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern.
　　[2] I have a friend who ... Should he ....? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life.
　　[3] Once upon a time, there lived a man who .... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.

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