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　　2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫(xiě)作高分技巧：平行結(jié)構(gòu)

　　相似的思想應(yīng)用相似的形式表達(dá)出來(lái)。句子的成份相近，則也應(yīng)以相似的形式出現(xiàn)。請(qǐng)注意以下標(biāo)有"NO"的句子是不規(guī)范的。

　　No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.

　　Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop.

　　(并列時(shí)態(tài))

　　No: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore.

　　Yes: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring.

　　(形容詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))

　　No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.

　　Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant.

　　(不定冠詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu))

　　No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food.

　　Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.

　　(不定式的平行結(jié)構(gòu))

　　No: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days.

　　Yes: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes for days.

　　(介詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))

　　No: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air.

　　Yes: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and filled the air with dust.

　　(并列謂語(yǔ))

　　No: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.

　　Yes: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and tools that he was going to use.

　　(并列帶有定冠詞"the"的名詞)

　　No: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him.

　　Yes: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and loved by his employees.

　　(并列被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

　　No: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking.

　　Yes: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, had fought in the Anti-Japanese War and had followed the Nationalist Party to Chongking.

　　(并列過(guò)去完成時(shí))

　　No: Jane is pretty, with brown hair, and has a graceful manner.

　　Yes: Jane is pretty, brown-haired, and graceful.

　　(形容詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))

　　No: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and because his health deteriorated rapidly.

　　Yes: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and his rapidly failing health.

　　(作賓語(yǔ)的名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))

　　No: They bought the house for location and affordability.

　　Yes: They bought the house because of its location and its affordability.

　　(并列名詞;注意代詞的所有格)

　　No: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and as if he was unimportant?

　　Yes: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and unimportant?

　　(形容詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu))

　　No: This could be a problem for both the winners and for those who lose.

　　Yes: This could be a problem for both the winners and losers.

　　(名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu))

　　No: The prisoner was not only found guilty of bribery but also adultery.

　　Yes: The prisoner was found guilty not only of bribery but also of adultery.

　　(并列介詞短語(yǔ))

　　為使平行結(jié)構(gòu)清楚明了，隨時(shí)都可以重復(fù)介詞、冠詞、助動(dòng)詞、不定詞標(biāo)志，或者長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)或句子的介紹詞。

　　Awkward: I admire Tennyson for the ideals in his poems but not his style.

　　Improved: I admire Tennyson for the ideals in his poems but not for his style.

　　Awkward: The sentences are difficult to understand, not because they are long but they are obscure.

　　Improved: The sentences are difficult to understand, not because they are long but because they are obscure.

　　Awkward: He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful, business had increased more than forty per cent, and additional capital was sorely needed.

　　Improved: He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful, that business had increased more than forty per cent, and that additional capital was sorely needed.

　　在商業(yè)和正式文件寫(xiě)作中，越來(lái)越多的用到圓點(diǎn)散句。除了更易讀之外，它們更能從視覺(jué)上引起人們注意。作者需要決定在圓點(diǎn)之后用什么形式來(lái)寫(xiě)，是用名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，還是介詞短語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句甚至完整的句子。應(yīng)該記住的是它們相互間應(yīng)該保持一致。平行結(jié)構(gòu)較多用。

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