2017年6月大學英語四級寫作高分技巧：平行結構
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2017年6月大學英語四級寫作高分技巧：平行結構
相似的思想應用相似的形式表達出來。句子的成份相近，則也應以相似的形式出現。請注意以下標有"NO"的句子是不規范的。
No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.
Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop.
(并列時態)
No: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore.
Yes: I don’t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring.
(形容詞平行結構)
No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.
Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant.
(不定冠詞的平行結構)
No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food.
Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.
(不定式的平行結構)
No: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days.
Yes: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes for days.
(介詞平行結構)
No: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air.
Yes: Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and filled the air with dust.
(并列謂語)
No: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.
Yes: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and tools that he was going to use.
(并列帶有定冠詞"the"的名詞)
No: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him.
Yes: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and loved by his employees.
(并列被動語態)
No: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking.
Yes: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, had fought in the Anti-Japanese War and had followed the Nationalist Party to Chongking.
(并列過去完成時)
No: Jane is pretty, with brown hair, and has a graceful manner.
Yes: Jane is pretty, brown-haired, and graceful.
(形容詞平行結構)
No: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and because his health deteriorated rapidly.
Yes: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and his rapidly failing health.
(作賓語的名詞平行結構)
No: They bought the house for location and affordability.
Yes: They bought the house because of its location and its affordability.
(并列名詞;注意代詞的所有格)
No: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and as if he was unimportant?
Yes: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and unimportant?
(形容詞的平行結構)
No: This could be a problem for both the winners and for those who lose.
Yes: This could be a problem for both the winners and losers.
(名詞平行結構)
No: The prisoner was not only found guilty of bribery but also adultery.
Yes: The prisoner was found guilty not only of bribery but also of adultery.
(并列介詞短語)
為使平行結構清楚明了，隨時都可以重復介詞、冠詞、助動詞、不定詞標志，或者長的短語或句子的介紹詞。
Awkward: I admire Tennyson for the ideals in his poems but not his style.
Improved: I admire Tennyson for the ideals in his poems but not for his style.
Awkward: The sentences are difficult to understand, not because they are long but they are obscure.
Improved: The sentences are difficult to understand, not because they are long but because they are obscure.
Awkward: He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful, business had increased more than forty per cent, and additional capital was sorely needed.
Improved: He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful, that business had increased more than forty per cent, and that additional capital was sorely needed.
在商業和正式文件寫作中，越來越多的用到圓點散句。除了更易讀之外，它們更能從視覺上引起人們注意。作者需要決定在圓點之后用什么形式來寫，是用名詞，動詞，形容詞，副詞，還是介詞短語，定語從句甚至完整的句子。應該記住的是它們相互間應該保持一致。平行結構較多用。
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