PartIReadingComprehension(30%)
　　Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet。
　　Passage1
　　Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
　　Breastfeeding(母乳喂養(yǎng))foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman’sriskofgettingdiabetes(糖尿病)laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenfromCalifornia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold。
　　AccordingtoSchwarz’sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis(診斷)ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound。
　　Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.(76)“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody。”Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays。
　　Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon’tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays。
　　Thefindingisn’tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes(occurringduringpregnancy(懷孕)thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtotheadviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby。
　　1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
　　A.Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy。
　　B.EleanorSchwarz’sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomenwhosufferedfromdiabetes。
　　C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried。
　　D.EleanorSchwarz’sresultsseemmorereliable。
　　2.AccordingtoSchwarz’sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?
　　A.Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed。
　　B.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth。
　　C.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth。
　　D.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonths。
　　3.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?
　　A.Breastfeedingisnotadvisablebecauseitisnotgoodforamomtokeepagoodshape。
　　B.Breastfeedingcangreatlyreduceamother’schancesofgettingallkindsofseriousdisease。
　　C.Breastfeedingforamonthishighlyrecommended:thelonger,thebetter。
　　D.Breastfeedingforamonthorlongermakesbabiessmarter。
　　4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“moms-to-be”inthelastparagraph?
　　A.Womenwhoarepregnant,especiallyforthefirsttime。
　　B.Womenwhodreamofhavingbabiesforthefirsttime。
　　C.Womenwhoalreadyhavechildren。
　　D.Womenwhohavejustgotbabiesforthefirsttime。
　　5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?
　　A.BreastfeedingMayEnhanceBabies’ChancesofSurvival
　　B.BreastfeedingMayLowerMoms’DiabetesRisk
　　C.BreastfeedingMayBecomeVeryFashionableinNearFuture
　　D.BreastfeedingMayHelpWomenLoseWeight。
　　Passage2
　　Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
　　Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon’tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal。
　　Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory—normally,thebacteria(細(xì)菌)intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent。
　　In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?Possibly—buyitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman’sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!
　　Whywasthismansowellpreserved?(77)Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefromthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman’sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes。
　　Howdidhedie?Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,“LindowMan”.(78)Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn’tdoneheavymanualworkinthislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn’tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods。
　　6.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comfrom?
　　A.French.B.GreekC.Roman.D.German。
　　7.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_____。
　　A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects
　　8.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”？
　　A.Iceandlowtemperature.B.Bacteriaandoxygen。
　　C.Soilandenergy.D.Acidandwater。
　　9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
　　A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim。
　　B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence。
　　C.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland。
　　D.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork。
　　10.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
　　A.WhatIsArchaeology?
　　B.ArchaeologyandHistory
　　C.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscovery
　　D.TheDeathof“LindowMan”

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