四、閱讀理解
36、根據下面內容，回答36-55題：
By the mid-nineteenth century, mass production of paper patterns, the appearance of the home sewing machine, and the convenience of mail order catalogs brought fashionable clothing into the American home. By the early twentieth century, home economists working in extension and outreach programs taught women how to use paper patterns to improve the fit and efficiency of new garments as well as how to update existing ones.
Teachers of home economics traditionally made home sewing a critical part of their curriculum, emphasizing self-sufficiency and resourcefulness for young women.However, with the increasing availability of mass-produced clothing in catalogs and department stores, more and more women preferred buying garments to making them. As a result, home economists shifted their attention to consumer education. Through field study, analysis, and research, they became experts on the purchase and preservation of ready-to-wear clothing for the family, offering budgeting instruction targeted at adolescent girls.
Modern home sewing made it possible for American women to transcend their economic differences and geographic locations with clothing that was increasingly standardized.The democratization of fashion continued through the twentieth century as the ready-to-wear market expanded and home sewing became more of a pastime than a necessity.

According to the passage, the appearance of mail order catalogs altered the role of home economists because________.
A．mass-produced clothing rendered their jobs completely useless
B．women ceased sewing so home economists had to teach other subjects
C．their focus shifted to instruction on budgeting and buying and preserving clothing
D．the emphasis on field study and research increased for students in home economics courses


37、 This passage focuses on the________.
A．changing role of home economists as a result of changes in the world
B．impact of ready-to-wear and mass-produced fashion on home sewing
C．modernization of home sewing
D．effects of home economists on home sewing


38、 As used in paragraph 3, the best definition for democratization is________.
A．transitioning to a more democratic political regime
B．becoming more affordable to the lower class
C．gradually becoming acceptable for an entire nation
D．becoming widely available to common people


39、 Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that home sewing allowed American women to do all of the following except________.
A．copy fashions they had seen elsewhere
B．create less expensive versions of current styles
C．create garments for pleasure rather than necessity
D．become experts on budgeting and consumerism

40、根據下面內容，回答40-59題：
Why would anyone want to push themselves into the public eye?
"Famous people have usually experienced a negative event during childhood--often it's the loss of a parent, or rejection from a key figure in their life at a younger age," said Professor Cary Cooper. He suggested that" their motivator is therefore to achieve something they thought they couldn't manage".
He added that their fame often takes them away from "ordinary people", and they're "thrown into a celebrity group of other people who are insecure".
Canadian psychologist Mark Schaller argued that exposure to fame inevitably produces
psychological disturbance. The famous become more chronically self-conscious and self-aware because of all the attention.
Famous people constantly experience that " merely momentary discomfort" of heightened self-consciousness you feel when someone points a camera at you, said Dr Persaud. And Prof Cooper said celebrities often suffer from depression, and turning to drink or drugs could be a result of them often feeling " lonely when not on stage" Being away from home a lot, being under the scrutiny of the press, difficulty sustaining relationships--all of this "makes them vulnerable" and often has a "stress-related outcome".
And, of course, the public's fascination with celebrities helps fuel their fame. But why do people find them so exciting? Prof Cooper said it is all about our need for " communality"--a feeling of belonging. We talk about people in the public eye and use people as metaphors in public life for our own lives. But he added that we do not actually care about them as individuals--unfortunately for the celebrities we are interested only in how their own lives might reflect our own.

Many people need to be famous because they want________.
A．the money
B．to follow their parents' steps
C．to be the best
D．to fight back the negative opinion from close ones


41、 Mark Schaller thinks that fame________.
A．always causes some kind of psychological problems
B．always end in self-destruction
C．may cause minor social adjustments
D．gives moral support to the individual


42、 Some famous characters turn to drugs and alcohol because they________.
A．are in bad company
B．feel lonely
C．enjoy it
D．need it to keep on working


43、 People love having celebrities as________.
A．we want them to be part of ourselves
B．they truly admire their skills or looks
C．they are a good topic to speak about
D．everybody likes glamour

44、根據下面內容，回答44-63題：
Love is a wondrous state, deep, tender, and rewarding. Because of its intimate and personal nature, it is regarded by some as an improper topic for experimental research. But, whatever our personal feelings may be, our assigned mission as psychologists is to analyze all facets (方面 ) of human and animal behavior into their component variables. So far as love or affection is concerned, psychologists have failed in this mission. The little we know about love does not transcend simple observation, and the little we write about it has been written better by poets and novelists. But of greater concern is the fact that psychologists tend to give progressively less attention to a motive which pervades our entire lives. Psychologists, at least psychologists who write textbooks, not only show no interest in the origin and development of love or affection, but they seem to be unaware of its very existence.
The apparent repression of love by modern psychologists stands in sharp contrast with the attitude taken by many famous and normal people. The word "love" has the highest reference frequency of any word cited in Bartlett's Book of Familiar Quotations. It would appear that this emotion has long had a vast interest and fascination for human beings, regardless of the attitude taken by psychologists ; but the quotations cited, even by famous and normal people, have a mundane redundancy. These authors and authorities have stolen love from the child and infant and made it the exclusive property of the adolescent and adult.

According to the passage,________.
A．poets and other authors have deemed romantic love the only type of love
B．only adults and adolescents are capable of feeling true love
C．modern psychologists realize the importance of studying love
D．love belongs solely in poetry books


45、 The author probably supports which of the following statements?
A．Social science should not deal with human emotions.
B．Emotion is a vital aspect of the study of human behavior.
C．Love is too personal and improper for experimental research.
D．Psychology textbook writers do not feel love is an important emotion.

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