新東方英語四級考試詞匯筆記:第四課(主謂一致)
第4課
主謂一致:指的就是給出主語,要求判斷謂語動詞是用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)的問題。
一、就近原則:
指句子的主語由兩部分單詞或短語構成時,由離謂語動詞近的那部分主語來決定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。
只有當以下單詞或短語連接主句的兩部分時就近原則才適用:
1. or 或者; 2. either … or … 不是…就是… ,…或… ; 3. neither … nor … 既不…也不… ;
4. not only … but also … 不但…而且… ; 5. not … but … 不是…而是…
例如:主語1 or 主語2 謂語動詞。 此時由主語2決定謂語動詞。
10. _C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?
A Are B Where C Is D Does
如果題目改變?yōu)椋篍ither he or his accountants ___ going … 則應選A
二、句子謂語動詞一定用復數(shù)的兩種情況:
1. 集合名詞做主語,集合名詞沒有復數(shù)形式,因為他本身就代表一個復數(shù)概念。
常見的幾個復合名詞: people 人民,人們; police 警察; cattle 牛; poultry 家禽。
2. 表示數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞,整體做主語時
例如:去年出口了八百萬頓煤。 Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.
三、謂語動詞一定用單數(shù)的六種情況:
1. 句子的主語是由從句充當?shù)摹釉~不定式短語作主語、動名詞短語作主語;
2. 表示時間、重量、長度、價值四方面的詞做主語;
399. -- “How many days?”
0 -- “Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?”
A are B were C was D is
3. 表示單數(shù)概念的主語,短語,謂語動詞,此時謂語動詞也用單數(shù);
因為此結構中短語只是對主語提供附加說明情況,所以謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。
當以下這些標志性的介詞或介詞短語出現(xiàn)在此結構中時可以不管中間的附加說明情況:
with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as
注意:表示復數(shù)概念的主語,短語,謂語動詞,此時謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。
4. each, every, either, some, any, no,由以上六個詞中任何一個所構成的復合代詞作主語時;
some經常構成的三個復合代詞:something, somebody, someone;
no經常構成的三個復合代詞:nothing, nobody, no one; either of + 短語;
5. 通常由and連接兩部分這種形式做主語謂語動詞要用復數(shù),但在以下兩種情況下則應用單數(shù);
1> and連接的兩部分指的是同一事物;
2> and連接的兩部分被no, each, every中任何一個詞修飾時;
例如:每位男士和女士都要著裝得體。 be supposed to do sth. 理應,應該做某事。
Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.
11. Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.
A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show them
many a(an) 很多,相當于many; many a(an) + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
6. many a (an) + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
9. Not only Joan but her sisters _B_ the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.
A have known B know C knows D is knowing
not only … but also … 的一種變形形式,not only … but …
另一種變形形式not only … but … as well
combination n. 密碼; combination to the safe 保險箱密碼; securities有價證券。
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