勞工組織：經濟衰退造出“受傷一代”
　　The International Labor Organization (ILO) said the global recession has created – what it calls – a generation of “scarred” youth. It says frustration in finding good jobs has contributed to protests movements around the world.
　　國際勞工組織表示，全球經濟衰退已經創造出該組織所謂的“受傷一代”年輕人。
　　ILO economist Steve Kapsos said this scarred generation of young workers continues to grow.
　　國際勞工組織的經濟學家史蒂夫·卡普索斯說，“受傷一代”年輕工作者的人數在持續增加。
　　“If you look globally at the number of unemployed youth around the world (it) has increased dramatically as a result of the global economic crisis. We estimate that there’s about 4.6 million more unemployed youth today than in 2007,” he said.
　　他說：“全球經濟危機導致的后果，你放眼全球可以看到，失業的年輕人在世界范圍內大幅度增加。我們估計現在失業的年輕人比2007年的時候增加了大約4百60多萬人。”
　　And they face short and long term challenges.
　　而且這些年輕人面臨著短期或長期的挑戰。
　　“Young job seekers are having to queue, wait, longer periods of time, before securing their first employment opportunity. The wages that they receive when they enter the labor market are lower than they otherwise would have been. And this really sets them off on a lower trajectory in terms of their employment and their careers,” he said.
　　卡普索斯說：“年輕的求職者現在確保他們次就業機會之前，必須得排隊，等候比以往更長的時間。他們進入勞工市場后所得的報酬，也比他們原本應該得到的要低。這的確讓他們在就業和職場上處于一種低水準的狀況。”
　　Differences
　　Not all young unemployed or under employed are alike. Kapsos says there a difference between those in developed and developing nations.
　　不是所有年輕失業者或等待就業者的情況都一樣。卡普索斯表示，發達國家和發展中國家的這些年輕人，情況有所不同。
　　“In developed economies, the challenge is really one of generating employment, lowering unemployment rates. In developing regions, it’s really the quality of employment, the productivity of employment where we see large numbers of young people living below the poverty line,” he said.
　　他說：“在發達經濟體中，挑戰主要是創造就業，降低失業率。在發展中國家，挑戰主要是就業的質量，工作的生產率，我們在那些國家看到大量年輕人生活在貧困線以下。”
　　In sub-Saharan Africa, economic conditions differ from many other developing regions. That’s because it has fared a bit better during the recession.
　　在非洲撒哈拉以南地區，經濟條件又和其他發展中國家有所不同，這是因為這個地區在全球衰退期間，境遇要相對好一些。
　　Kapsos said, “If you look at the unemployment rate in the sub-Saharan African region, our estimates show very little change during the global economic crisis. It’s really not an issue of unemployment in the region. It’s one of low productivity employment. We estimate in the countries for which we have data, about a quarter of young people around the world in developing countries are among the working poor. They’re working, but they’re living below the $1.25 poverty line. The figures in many sub-Saharan African countries are much higher than that.”
　　卡普索斯說：“如果你看撒哈拉以南非洲地區的失業率，我們的預計顯示在全球經濟危機期間，那里的失業率幾乎沒有什么變化。失業不是那個地區的問題。那里是屬于就業工作生產率很低的地區。我們從掌握相關數據的一些國家的情況估計，世界發展中國家大約四分之一的年輕人都屬于工作貧困型。他們在工作，但是他們生活在每天1.25美元的貧困線以下。這個比例在很多撒哈拉以南國家要高得多。”
　　Also, sub-Saharan African countries have had faster growth rates in recent years than many other regions. Kapsos says while that offers some hope for young workers, there are still some underlying problems.
　　同時，撒哈拉以南國家近年來的發展速度比其他很多地區要快。卡普索斯表示，盡管這為當地的年輕工作者帶來了一些希望，但是仍然有一些潛在的問題。
　　“If you look at the sources of growth, a lot of it is commodities based. A lot of it is the extractives industry. And those are very capital intensive. They’re not labor intensive. So, there is a real challenge in terms of generating employment in the formal sector, formal wage employment, that can really lift people out of poverty,” he said.
　　他說：“如果你看這些經濟增長的來源，會看到大量的增長是基于礦產品，其中大量增長來自采掘工業。這些工業是資本密集型的產業，而不是勞動密集型產業。因此，要努力在可以提供正常報酬的領域增加就業機會，而那些領域和部門才是能夠真正讓人們脫貧的。”
　　Not meeting demand
　　The ILO economist said a big reason for the high youth unemployment rate in the world is a skills mismatch. Young workers don’t have the skills needed for the jobs that are available.
　　這位國際勞工組織的經濟學家表示，世界年輕人高失業率的一個主要原因在于技能不匹配。年輕人不具備勝任已有工作的技能。
　　Kapsos said education is one solution and improvements in education have occurred. But he says there are often wide education and skill gaps between men and women in developing countries.
　　卡普索斯說，教育是其中的一條解決之道，教育改進已經在進行。但是他表示，在發展中國家，男女之間通常存在很大的教育和技能差異。
　　Will things improve for young people when the global recession finally ends? Kapsos said not right away because labor markets typically lag behind the overall economic recovery.
　　當全球衰退結束之后，年輕人的境遇是否會改善呢？卡普索斯表示，不會立即改善，因為勞工市場通常都滯后于整體經濟的復蘇。
　　“When we’re talking about youth, it’s even worse than adults in terms of a delayed labor market recovery. Young people are often the first to be let go in an economic downtown, and they’re often the last ones to get back into the labor market and to secure employment when things pick up,” he said.
　　他說：“當我們談論年輕人，他們與成年人相比，在滯后的勞工市場復蘇方面所處的境遇更糟糕。在經濟下滑的時候，年輕人通常是早被解雇的，當經濟回暖的時候，他們又是后回到勞工市場的一批人。”
　　The International Labor Organization findings can be found in its new report Global Employment Trends for Youth: 2011 Update.
　　國際勞工組織的研究結果可以在該組織新的全球青年就業趨勢報告2011年更新版中找到。

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