勞工組織：經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退造出“受傷一代”
　　The International Labor Organization (ILO) said the global recession has created – what it calls – a generation of “scarred” youth. It says frustration in finding good jobs has contributed to protests movements around the world.
　　國際勞工組織表示，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造出該組織所謂的“受傷一代”年輕人。
　　ILO economist Steve Kapsos said this scarred generation of young workers continues to grow.
　　國際勞工組織的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家史蒂夫·卡普索斯說，“受傷一代”年輕工作者的人數(shù)在持續(xù)增加。
　　“If you look globally at the number of unemployed youth around the world (it) has increased dramatically as a result of the global economic crisis. We estimate that there’s about 4.6 million more unemployed youth today than in 2007,” he said.
　　他說：“全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)導(dǎo)致的后果，你放眼全球可以看到，失業(yè)的年輕人在世界范圍內(nèi)大幅度增加。我們估計現(xiàn)在失業(yè)的年輕人比2007年的時候增加了大約4百60多萬人。”
　　And they face short and long term challenges.
　　而且這些年輕人面臨著短期或長期的挑戰(zhàn)。
　　“Young job seekers are having to queue, wait, longer periods of time, before securing their first employment opportunity. The wages that they receive when they enter the labor market are lower than they otherwise would have been. And this really sets them off on a lower trajectory in terms of their employment and their careers,” he said.
　　卡普索斯說：“年輕的求職者現(xiàn)在確保他們次就業(yè)機(jī)會之前，必須得排隊，等候比以往更長的時間。他們進(jìn)入勞工市場后所得的報酬，也比他們原本應(yīng)該得到的要低。這的確讓他們在就業(yè)和職場上處于一種低水準(zhǔn)的狀況。”
　　Differences
　　Not all young unemployed or under employed are alike. Kapsos says there a difference between those in developed and developing nations.
　　不是所有年輕失業(yè)者或等待就業(yè)者的情況都一樣。卡普索斯表示，發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家的這些年輕人，情況有所不同。
　　“In developed economies, the challenge is really one of generating employment, lowering unemployment rates. In developing regions, it’s really the quality of employment, the productivity of employment where we see large numbers of young people living below the poverty line,” he said.
　　他說：“在發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，挑戰(zhàn)主要是創(chuàng)造就業(yè)，降低失業(yè)率。在發(fā)展中國家，挑戰(zhàn)主要是就業(yè)的質(zhì)量，工作的生產(chǎn)率，我們在那些國家看到大量年輕人生活在貧困線以下。”
　　In sub-Saharan Africa, economic conditions differ from many other developing regions. That’s because it has fared a bit better during the recession.
　　在非洲撒哈拉以南地區(qū)，經(jīng)濟(jì)條件又和其他發(fā)展中國家有所不同，這是因為這個地區(qū)在全球衰退期間，境遇要相對好一些。
　　Kapsos said, “If you look at the unemployment rate in the sub-Saharan African region, our estimates show very little change during the global economic crisis. It’s really not an issue of unemployment in the region. It’s one of low productivity employment. We estimate in the countries for which we have data, about a quarter of young people around the world in developing countries are among the working poor. They’re working, but they’re living below the $1.25 poverty line. The figures in many sub-Saharan African countries are much higher than that.”
　　卡普索斯說：“如果你看撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)的失業(yè)率，我們的預(yù)計顯示在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間，那里的失業(yè)率幾乎沒有什么變化。失業(yè)不是那個地區(qū)的問題。那里是屬于就業(yè)工作生產(chǎn)率很低的地區(qū)。我們從掌握相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的一些國家的情況估計，世界發(fā)展中國家大約四分之一的年輕人都屬于工作貧困型。他們在工作，但是他們生活在每天1.25美元的貧困線以下。這個比例在很多撒哈拉以南國家要高得多。”
　　Also, sub-Saharan African countries have had faster growth rates in recent years than many other regions. Kapsos says while that offers some hope for young workers, there are still some underlying problems.
　　同時，撒哈拉以南國家近年來的發(fā)展速度比其他很多地區(qū)要快。卡普索斯表示，盡管這為當(dāng)?shù)氐哪贻p工作者帶來了一些希望，但是仍然有一些潛在的問題。
　　“If you look at the sources of growth, a lot of it is commodities based. A lot of it is the extractives industry. And those are very capital intensive. They’re not labor intensive. So, there is a real challenge in terms of generating employment in the formal sector, formal wage employment, that can really lift people out of poverty,” he said.
　　他說：“如果你看這些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的來源，會看到大量的增長是基于礦產(chǎn)品，其中大量增長來自采掘工業(yè)。這些工業(yè)是資本密集型的產(chǎn)業(yè)，而不是勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)。因此，要努力在可以提供正常報酬的領(lǐng)域增加就業(yè)機(jī)會，而那些領(lǐng)域和部門才是能夠真正讓人們脫貧的。”
　　Not meeting demand
　　The ILO economist said a big reason for the high youth unemployment rate in the world is a skills mismatch. Young workers don’t have the skills needed for the jobs that are available.
　　這位國際勞工組織的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家表示，世界年輕人高失業(yè)率的一個主要原因在于技能不匹配。年輕人不具備勝任已有工作的技能。
　　Kapsos said education is one solution and improvements in education have occurred. But he says there are often wide education and skill gaps between men and women in developing countries.
　　卡普索斯說，教育是其中的一條解決之道，教育改進(jìn)已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行。但是他表示，在發(fā)展中國家，男女之間通常存在很大的教育和技能差異。
　　Will things improve for young people when the global recession finally ends? Kapsos said not right away because labor markets typically lag behind the overall economic recovery.
　　當(dāng)全球衰退結(jié)束之后，年輕人的境遇是否會改善呢？卡普索斯表示，不會立即改善，因為勞工市場通常都滯后于整體經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇。
　　“When we’re talking about youth, it’s even worse than adults in terms of a delayed labor market recovery. Young people are often the first to be let go in an economic downtown, and they’re often the last ones to get back into the labor market and to secure employment when things pick up,” he said.
　　他說：“當(dāng)我們談?wù)撃贻p人，他們與成年人相比，在滯后的勞工市場復(fù)蘇方面所處的境遇更糟糕。在經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑的時候，年輕人通常是早被解雇的，當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)回暖的時候，他們又是后回到勞工市場的一批人。”
　　The International Labor Organization findings can be found in its new report Global Employment Trends for Youth: 2011 Update.
　　國際勞工組織的研究結(jié)果可以在該組織新的全球青年就業(yè)趨勢報告2011年更新版中找到。

　　獲取更多2011年12月英語四級聽力備考復(fù)習(xí)資料，請點擊進(jìn)入>>>聽力欄目，還有更多歷年聽力真題及mp3下載

　　了解英語四級新報考：
　　2011年11月英語四級口語考試報名時間
　　2011年5月英語四六級口語證書及網(wǎng)考成績單領(lǐng)取
　　2011年12月四級考試時間及流程安排