練習(xí)3
　　句8：同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)從自身做起，為綠色環(huán)保出一份力。
　　“從自身做起”譯為：start from ourselves.
　　譯：We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.
　　White pollution refers to plastic pollution. Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads. Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind. If we continue using them, what would happen? One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin. To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.

　　練習(xí)4
　　唐朝(Tang Dynasty)被歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為是中國文明輝煌的時(shí)期。唐朝的首都在長安。在與印度和中東(the Middle East)的交流中，在他們的促進(jìn)下，唐朝在許多領(lǐng)域里得到了長足的發(fā)展。唐朝是文學(xué)和藝術(shù)的黃金時(shí)期。唐朝通過科舉制度(civil service examinations)在全國選出的儒家文人
　　(Confucian literati)為政府效力，而唐朝的政府體系在儒學(xué)官僚(Confucian bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世紀(jì)中期，唐朝勢力開始衰落。

　　難點(diǎn)注釋
　　句1、2：唐朝(Tang Dynasty)被歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為是中國文明輝煌的時(shí)期。唐朝的首都在長安。
　　、二句在翻譯時(shí)可以整合為一句，其中“唐朝的首都在長安”可以翻譯為定語從句來表示。“被…認(rèn)為是…”可以譯為be regarded by …as…; “輝煌的時(shí)期”即為鼎盛時(shí)期，可譯為a high point.
　　Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization.
　　句3：在與印度和中東(the Middle East)的交流中，在他們的促進(jìn)下，唐朝在許多領(lǐng)域里得到了長足的發(fā)展。
　　“與印度和中東(the Middle East)的交流中，在他們的促進(jìn)下”可采用合譯法，即Stimulated by the contact with…Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields.
　　句4：唐朝是文學(xué)和藝術(shù)的黃金時(shí)期。
　　譯：The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art.
　　句5：唐朝通過科舉制度(civil service examinations)在全國選出的儒家文人(Confucian literati)為政府效力，而唐朝的政府體系在儒學(xué)官僚(Confucian bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。
　　此句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，翻譯時(shí)，首先理清句子主干：唐朝的政府體系日臻完善。前半句可以處理成一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞做原因狀語的形式，即Served by…, serve 本意為“服務(wù)”，也可作“效力”講，與邏輯主語the government system of Tang Dynasty是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式;而其中再嵌套一個(gè)后置定語selected through…來修飾Confucian literati;“在……的支持下”譯為under the support of…。
　　Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually  perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic.
　　句6：公元8世紀(jì)中期，唐朝勢力開始衰落。
　　譯：By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.
　　Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization. Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields. The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art. Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic. By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.

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