2012年12月英語四六級寫作技巧之規范使用標點
其他幾種標點的用法
冒號,破折號,分號及括號的使用與寫作風格關系緊密,因此本章主要介紹它們的用法。本章很少涉及其它標點:如逗號,句號,連字符。下面,筆者對它們的用法以問答形式略談一二:
問:如果連續使用兩個形容詞,可用逗號分開它們嗎?
答:在"Singapore is a clean, friendly city state"一句中,逗號代替了"and"。 連續兩個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞時,可用逗號把它們隔開。但當其中一個形容詞修飾另一形容詞時,不需要用逗號隔開它們:
On my way back home, I stared at the pale blue sky.
問:何時用連字符連接單詞?
答:1. 參見字典;
2. 參考the goal of preventing misreading 一書。
3. 連字符常用于連接比較常用的復合詞,使之成為一詞。
采用連字符連接的兩個詞,意思可一目了然。例如,沒用連字符的合成詞light year,字面意思是一年比另一年不重要;加上連字符,我們就很清楚light-year是光年的意思。
通常,我們在處理名詞前兩個或多個詞的組合時,可用連字符。
例:know-how
ready-to-wear
faster-than-expected production
life-form
state-of-the-art technology
medium-range missiles
當這一群詞用作形容詞時,僅對它們所修飾的名詞之前的詞使用連字符。
It was a fast-paced city life.
即City life is fast paced.
Bring me the up-to-date report.
即Bring me up to date.
還有,以"-ly"結尾的副詞不用連字符。
Wrong: We do not work with financially-unstable organizations.
Correct: We do not work with financially unstable organizations.
Wrong: We are required to attend all regularly-scheduled meetings.
Correct: We are required to attend all regularly scheduled meetings.
問:你贊成省略縮略語的中間或末尾的句點嗎?
答:這是一個關于寫作風格和品味的問題,有些編者對縮略語用句點;有些則不用。用與不用取決于你。我的建議是,一旦你決定采用哪種方式,就不宜改變。
專有名詞中的句點應該保留。
姓名之間的圓點應予保留
問:什么叫不分段句?
答:兩個完整的句子間僅用逗號,或不用任何其它標點,這兩個句子叫做不分段句。
例:
The air conditioner is broken, we must have it repaired as soon as possible.
How to rid of run-on? Here are a few approaches:
有如下幾種方法可消除不分段句 。
The air conditioner is broken and has to be repaired as soon as possible.
(使用連詞"and")
The air conditioner is broken; it has to be repaired as soon as possible.
(用分號隔開這兩個句子)
The air conditioner is broken. We must have it repaired as soon as possible.
(用句號隔開這兩個句子)
冒號,破折號,分號及括號的使用與寫作風格關系緊密,因此本章主要介紹它們的用法。本章很少涉及其它標點:如逗號,句號,連字符。下面,筆者對它們的用法以問答形式略談一二:
問:如果連續使用兩個形容詞,可用逗號分開它們嗎?
答:在"Singapore is a clean, friendly city state"一句中,逗號代替了"and"。 連續兩個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞時,可用逗號把它們隔開。但當其中一個形容詞修飾另一形容詞時,不需要用逗號隔開它們:
On my way back home, I stared at the pale blue sky.
問:何時用連字符連接單詞?
答:1. 參見字典;
2. 參考the goal of preventing misreading 一書。
3. 連字符常用于連接比較常用的復合詞,使之成為一詞。
air craft |
air-craft |
aircraft |
type setting |
type-setting |
typesetting |
screen play |
screen-play |
screenplay |
data base |
data-base |
database |
通常,我們在處理名詞前兩個或多個詞的組合時,可用連字符。
例:know-how
ready-to-wear
faster-than-expected production
life-form
state-of-the-art technology
medium-range missiles
當這一群詞用作形容詞時,僅對它們所修飾的名詞之前的詞使用連字符。
It was a fast-paced city life.
即City life is fast paced.
Bring me the up-to-date report.
即Bring me up to date.
還有,以"-ly"結尾的副詞不用連字符。
Wrong: We do not work with financially-unstable organizations.
Correct: We do not work with financially unstable organizations.
Wrong: We are required to attend all regularly-scheduled meetings.
Correct: We are required to attend all regularly scheduled meetings.
問:你贊成省略縮略語的中間或末尾的句點嗎?
答:這是一個關于寫作風格和品味的問題,有些編者對縮略語用句點;有些則不用。用與不用取決于你。我的建議是,一旦你決定采用哪種方式,就不宜改變。
專有名詞中的句點應該保留。
Correct(正) |
Also correct(正確) |
U.S.A. |
USA |
10 p.m. |
10 pm |
R.S.V.P. |
RSVP |
U.F.O. |
UFO |
Correct |
Not Correct |
J. F. Kennedy |
J F Kennedy |
答:兩個完整的句子間僅用逗號,或不用任何其它標點,這兩個句子叫做不分段句。
例:
The air conditioner is broken, we must have it repaired as soon as possible.
How to rid of run-on? Here are a few approaches:
有如下幾種方法可消除不分段句 。
The air conditioner is broken and has to be repaired as soon as possible.
(使用連詞"and")
The air conditioner is broken; it has to be repaired as soon as possible.
(用分號隔開這兩個句子)
The air conditioner is broken. We must have it repaired as soon as possible.
(用句號隔開這兩個句子)
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