2012年12月英語四六級寫作技巧之規范使用標點
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冒號的用法冒號表示停頓,其停頓時間比分號長比句號短。它可用逗號,有時也可用句號代替。盡管現在冒號的使用不如50到75年前頻繁,但現在它使用仍很方便,因為它告訴讀者其后仍是對上文進一步的陳述。冒號還能產生輕微的戲劇效果。
冒號常用于引出一個詞、短語、或完整的句子(子句)來強調,舉例解釋,或證明剛才所說過的內容。
注意:冒號之后的詞可用大寫也可用小寫字母開頭。如果冒號之后的詞是另一個完整句子的開始,則用大寫字母開頭。反之,如果冒號之后的詞只是句子的一部分,則用小寫字母開頭。
例 May I offer you a suggestion: don’t drive without your seat belts fastened.
The thought continued to perplex him: Where will I go next?
用于引出一連串用來解釋或強調已敘述過的內容。如:
In the basement, he kept some equipment for his experiments: the test tubes, some chemical agents, three sun-lamps, and the drill.
冒號后常為縮排且不用引號、與全文分離的長引文。
President Jiang Zemin enjoys quoting the first line of Lincoln’s Gettysburg address:
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
精典范例
There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.
--英國作家Oscar Wide
寫作時,切忌這樣寫:
The four major reasons for the landslide victory were: the candidate’s personal popularity, the enthusiastic support of his party, his stand on budget issues, and the general mood of the nation.
這樣用的問題在哪?問題出在冒號用于動詞were之后,你可能在英語為母語的人寫的報紙或流行刊物中見到這類用法,但它在學術寫作中不被大學教師所接受。 在學術論文中,主語補足語或直接賓語應緊跟在冒號之后。主語補足語的修飾詞(obvious)使原本存在句子中的問題得到解決:冒號不應緊跟在動詞之后。
上面例題中,取得壓倒性勝利的四個原因是明顯的:the candidate’s personal popularity, the enthusiastic support of his party, his stand on budget issues, and the general mood of the nation.
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