Passage One

　　Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

　　Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.

　　Penny pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidi rather than luxury alternatives.

　　This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from £1.19 billion in 2011 to £1. 12billion in 2015, according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11billion in 2016.

　　In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015.

　　Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper-including facial tissue and kitchen roll –to save money. "Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators ODM toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume," said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. "These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer."

　　While consunmers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy-in theory at least-when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness(57%)followed by strength(45%)and thickness(36%).

　　One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufactures, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.

　　46.【題干】The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because_____.

　　【選項】

　　A.Britons have cut their spending on it

　　B.its prices have gone up over the year

　　C.its quality has seen marked improvement

　　D.Britons have developed the habit of saving

　　【答案解析】根據題干關鍵詞market sales和toilet paper可以定位到首段Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money“英國的購物者減少衛生紙開支以省錢”和第三段首句This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market “這使得軟棉紙市場的價值下降了6%”。has wiped off正好對應題干have increased。This指代的是第二段的內容Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters“吝嗇的英國消費者從折扣商店選擇更為便宜的商品”。綜上所述，選A“衛生紙市場銷售額下降是因為英國人縮減這方面的開支”。

　　【答案】A

　　47.【題干】What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?

　　【選項】

　　A.It will expand in time.

　　B.It will remain gloomy.

　　C.It will experience ups and downs.

　　D.It will recover as population grows.

　　【答案】B

　　【答案解析】根據題干關鍵詞tissue paper可以定位到第三段首句This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK.根據第三句the future of the market looks far from rosy“市場的未來看起來遠遠不夠樂觀”。因此，本題選B“作者認為綿紙市場的未來仍然是慘淡的”。

　　48.【題干】What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?

　　【選項】

　　A.Special offers would promote its sales.

　　B.Consumers are loyal to certain brands.

　　C.Luxurious features add much to the price.

　　D.Consumers have a variety to choose from.

　　【答案】C

　　【答案解析】根據題干關鍵詞Jack Duckett可以定位到第五段的引用部分。A“特價可以促進銷售額”，原文引用處后部分提到了special offer。which指代的是these extra features，也就是those with flower patterns or perfume。“這些額外的特點反映了這些商品通常比普通的衛生紙要貴，即使是在特價銷售的時候?！彼訟是利用原文細節信息設置的干擾選項，可以排除。B“消費者忠于某些品牌”和D“消費者有多樣化的選擇”，引用處均未提及，直接排除。C“奢侈品的特點大幅度提升了價位”，正好對應原文引用處which引導的非限定性定語從句的內容。

　　49.【題干】What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?

　　【選項】

　　A.They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.

　　B.They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.

　　C.They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.

　　D.They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.

　　【答案】A

　　【答案解析】根據題干關鍵詞Britons和toilet paper可以定位到第六段。根據原文they remain fussy... when it comes to paper quality可知，A選項正好是同義替換。如果不認識fussy“愛挑剔的”和be particular about“對...挑剔”，可以用排除法。依據自然段界定原則，48題定位到第五段，50題定位到后一段，所以本題定位到第六段。CD均不在定位范圍，可以直接排除。B“他們強調的是衛生紙的強度”，由原文可知，關注的應該是softness，所以B選項排除。采取這種方法也可以選出A。

　　50.【題干】What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　【選項】

　　A.More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.

　　B.Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.

　　C.Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve.

　　D.Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.

　　【答案】D

　　【答案解析】根據題干the last paragraph可知答案要在后一段尋找。由原文“1/10的購買者把利用可循環紙制造的衛生卷紙列為，這突出表明，相比環境，購買者更加關注商品質量的現象是多么普遍?！币虼耍覀兛梢赃x出D“英國人購買衛生紙的時候，環境保護不是人們十分關心的。”

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　"One of the reason I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger," say Lindson-Hawly, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

　　By studying about 700 adult smoker, she found out that her mom quit the right way-by stopping abruptly and completely.

　　In her study, participants were randomly(隨機地)assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine(尼古丁)patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

　　Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it-more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

　　And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. "If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice.' "says Lindsons-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings(癮)and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. "Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabrieia Ferreira, "When you can quote a specific number like a fifith of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.

　　People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

　　51.【題干】What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?

　　【選項】

　　A.She quit smoking with her daughter's help.

　　B.She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.

　　C.She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.

　　D.She studied the smoking pattems of adult smokers.

　　【答案】B

　　【參考解析】根據題干中專有名詞Lindson-Hawley回文快速定位到文章中的段，根據段的信息可得出Lindson-Hawley的母親曾經是一位吸煙者，第二段中她發現她的母親有效地戒煙了，而且戒地很突然、很徹底。根據第二段中的信息點，可以得出本題的正確選項應為B She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly. (她突然成功戒掉了煙癮。)A、C、D選項在文中都沒有提及，屬于無中生有選項。

　　52.【題干】What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?

　　【選項】

　　A.They were given physical training.

　　B.They were looked after by physicians.

　　C.They were encouraged by pshchologists.

　　D.They were offered nicotine replacements.

　　【答案】D

　　【參考解析】本題問的是“在Lindson-Hawley的研究中，吸煙者在戒煙的過程中得到了哪些幫助?”，本題解題根據題文一致原則，可順序定位至第三段第四、五句話，提到兩組志愿者在戒煙前除了使用nicotine replacement(尼古丁替代療法)之外，還使用nicotine patches尼古丁貼片(一種戒煙貼)。他們還在戒煙前后接受護士的talk therapy(談話治療)。結合定位信息及四個選項的意思，可以確定選項D They were offered nicotine replacements.為本題的正確答案。

　　53.【題干】How does Dr.Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?

　　【選項】

　　A.It is idealized.

　　B.It is unexpected.

　　C.It is encouraging.

　　D.It is misleading.

　　【答案】C

　　【參考解析】根據題干中專有名詞Dr. Gabriela Ferreira回文定位該題至文中第五段后半部分Dr. Gabriela Ferreira的引語部分，其中她提到“It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it.”根據這句話結合四個選項的意思，可以確定選項C It is encouraging.為原文的同義替換。

　　54.【題干】The idea of "a marathon" (Line 2, Para.5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking _____.

　　【選項】

　　A.is something few can accomplish

　　B.needs some practice first

　　C.requires a lot of patience

　　D.is a challenge at the beginning

　　【答案】B

　　【參考解析】根據題干定位至第五段第2行，根據上下文，可確定本題在文中的定位信息處為“And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice’.”由此可以得知這些人的觀點是逐步戒煙首先需要一些練習，該題四個選項中B needs some practice first.為文中信息的同義替換。A、C、D選項在文中都沒有提及，屬于無中生有選項。

　　55.【題干】What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?

　　【選項】

　　A.They find it even more difficult.

　　B.They are simply unable to make it.

　　C.They show fewer withdrawal symptoms

　　D.They feel much less pain in the process.

　　【答案】A

　　【參考解析】根據題干信息“quit smoking gradually”，定位至文中第五段“But that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day.”根據原文的定位信息可得知逐步戒煙有可能會更能使人上癮甚至出現戒斷癥狀。結合四個選項可以確定A They find it even more difficult.為正確選項。

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