2018年成人學位英閱讀理詞義題解題法
- 第3頁：利用同義關系解題
- 第4頁：利用語法和邏輯解題
4．利用語法和邏輯解題
有時根據上下文提供的線索或者其他方法，仍然不能得到惟一答案，就可以利用語法和邏輯方面的規則來判斷，符合語法和邏輯規則的可能為正確答案，反之則不是答案。
例49
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and re- liable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
"defied" probably means
A. doubted
C. challenged
B. gave proof to
D. agreed to
"defied"所在的分句為：... it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea．其中fact就是指前半句的內容，由此可知，前半句與which引導的定語從句中的賓語通過defied發生聯系：前半句說的是海底有生物，而定語從句中的賓語及其同位語從句說的是當代科學認為海底沒有生命，可見defied表示否定的含義，這樣只有A項和C項符合條件，而由于A項doubted通常不能以物作主語，所以只有C項合適，為正確答案。
例50
It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and de- lighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is a- greed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能發出的全部聲音). This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意識的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
By"... challenges explanation'(Para. 1) the author means that
A. no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
B. no explanation has been made up to now
C. it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
D. it's high time that an explanation was provided
要做好這道題，首先必須理解段的意思：It is，everyone agrees，a huge task…，and the fact that he does SO in SO short a period of time challenges explanation．人人都認為……不是一項簡單任務，而且……，由此可見challenge(要求)與a huge task同義，即解釋小孩為何能在這么短的一段時間內學會說話絕非易事，值得進行，那么C為正確答案：做出合適的解釋并不容易。其實，對于challenge詞義的理解也非常重要，因為它在這里只有當“要求”講才能講得通，所以可以從邏輯上考慮。
例51
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty (保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
The phrase "live up to" in the context means
A. meet the standard of
B. realize the purpose of
C. fulfil the demands of
D. keep the promise of
所考詞匯在文中的相關句為：When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’S claim for it…，由此可知not live up to在這里等于faulty(劣質)，那么live up to就表示產品合格，即與廠家所宣稱的標準相符，所以A為正確答案。其他幾個答案代人“live up to”所在的地方，與the manufacturer’S claim for it搭配不合邏輯，所以都應排除。
例52
It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus (對，對抗) individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned. And it is unfortunate that there should be hot feelings on both sides whenever this subject is raised. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption (設想) that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation. The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scat- tered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
The word "rage" means "
A. be ignored
B. develop with great force
C. encourage people greatly
D. be in fashion
所考詞匯在文中的相關句為It is likely that the dispute regarding fiats versus(對，對抗)individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned．只要將四個答案代入“rage”所在的位置，就可以推出B項為正確答案；A項代人后，句子成了the dispute…will continue to be ignored，這與下一句．．．．there should be hot feelings on both sides whenever the subject is raised．(一談起這個話題，雙方便很激動。)相矛盾：因為情緒激動就會爭論，而有爭論就不可能被忽視；將C項和D項分別代入有關位置，從邏輯上講都講不通。
有時根據上下文提供的線索或者其他方法，仍然不能得到惟一答案，就可以利用語法和邏輯方面的規則來判斷，符合語法和邏輯規則的可能為正確答案，反之則不是答案。
例49
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and re- liable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
"defied" probably means
A. doubted
C. challenged
B. gave proof to
D. agreed to
"defied"所在的分句為：... it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea．其中fact就是指前半句的內容，由此可知，前半句與which引導的定語從句中的賓語通過defied發生聯系：前半句說的是海底有生物，而定語從句中的賓語及其同位語從句說的是當代科學認為海底沒有生命，可見defied表示否定的含義，這樣只有A項和C項符合條件，而由于A項doubted通常不能以物作主語，所以只有C項合適，為正確答案。
例50
It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and de- lighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is a- greed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能發出的全部聲音). This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意識的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
By"... challenges explanation'(Para. 1) the author means that
A. no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
B. no explanation has been made up to now
C. it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
D. it's high time that an explanation was provided
要做好這道題，首先必須理解段的意思：It is，everyone agrees，a huge task…，and the fact that he does SO in SO short a period of time challenges explanation．人人都認為……不是一項簡單任務，而且……，由此可見challenge(要求)與a huge task同義，即解釋小孩為何能在這么短的一段時間內學會說話絕非易事，值得進行，那么C為正確答案：做出合適的解釋并不容易。其實，對于challenge詞義的理解也非常重要，因為它在這里只有當“要求”講才能講得通，所以可以從邏輯上考慮。
例51
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty (保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
The phrase "live up to" in the context means
A. meet the standard of
B. realize the purpose of
C. fulfil the demands of
D. keep the promise of
所考詞匯在文中的相關句為：When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’S claim for it…，由此可知not live up to在這里等于faulty(劣質)，那么live up to就表示產品合格，即與廠家所宣稱的標準相符，所以A為正確答案。其他幾個答案代人“live up to”所在的地方，與the manufacturer’S claim for it搭配不合邏輯，所以都應排除。
例52
It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus (對，對抗) individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned. And it is unfortunate that there should be hot feelings on both sides whenever this subject is raised. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption (設想) that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation. The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scat- tered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
The word "rage" means "
A. be ignored
B. develop with great force
C. encourage people greatly
D. be in fashion
所考詞匯在文中的相關句為It is likely that the dispute regarding fiats versus(對，對抗)individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned．只要將四個答案代入“rage”所在的位置，就可以推出B項為正確答案；A項代人后，句子成了the dispute…will continue to be ignored，這與下一句．．．．there should be hot feelings on both sides whenever the subject is raised．(一談起這個話題，雙方便很激動。)相矛盾：因為情緒激動就會爭論，而有爭論就不可能被忽視；將C項和D項分別代入有關位置，從邏輯上講都講不通。
編輯推薦：
責編：cll