2018年上半年中小學教師資格考試英語學科知識與教學能力試題(高級中學)(精選)
一、單項選擇題(本大題共30小題，每小題2分，共60分)
1. The sound of "ch" in "teacher" is__________.
A. voiceless, post-alveolar, and affricative
B. voiceless, dental, and fricative
C. voiced, dental, and fricative
D. voiced, post-alveolar, and plosive
2. The main difference between/m/,/n/, and/η/lies in__________.
A. manner of articulation
B. sound duration
C. place of articulation
D. voicing
3. She is __________ , from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.
A. transcribing
B. keeping
C. paraphrasing
D. recollecting
4. Neither the unpleasant experiences nor the bad luck __________ him discouraged.
A. have caused
B. has caused
C. has made
D. have made
5. Mr. Joe has worked very hard in the past two years and has paid all his debts __________the last penny.
A. by
B. to
C. until
D. with
6. The message came to the villagers __________ the enemy had already fled the village.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. where
7. We must improve the farming method __________we may get high yields.
A. in case
B. in order that
C. now that
D. even if
8.--Do you mind if I smoke here?
--__________.
A. Yes, I don't
B. Yes, you may
C. No, not at all
D. Yes,I won’t
9. What is the main rhetoric device used in “The plowman homeward plods his weary way.”?
A. Metaphor.
B. Metonymy.
C. Synecdoche.
D.Transferred epithet.
10.--A:Let's go to the movie tonight.
--B:I'd like to. but I have to study for an exam.
In the conversation above, B's decline of the proposal is categorized as a kind of__________.
A. illocutionary act
B. perlocutionary act
C. propositional condition
D. sincerity condition
11. Which of the following activities is NOT typical of the Task-Based Language Teaching method?
A. Problem-solving activities.
B. Opinion exchange activities.
C. Information-gap activities.
D. Pattern practice activities.
12. If a teacher shows students how to do an activity before they start doing it, he/she is using the technique of__________.
A. presentation
B. demonstration
C. elicitation
D. evaluation
13. When a teacher asks students to discuss how a text is organized,he/she is most likely to help them__________.
A. evaluate the content of the text
B. analyze the structure of the passage
C. understand the intention of the writer
D. distinguish the facts from the opinions
14. Which of the following practices can encourage students to read an article critically?
A. Evaluating its point of view.
B. Finding out the facts.
C. Finding detailed information.
D. Doing translation exercises.
15. Which of the following is a display question used by teachers in class?
A. If you were the girl in the story,would you behave like her?
B. Do you like this story Girl the Thumb ,why or why not?
C. Do you agree that the girl was a kind-hearted person?
D. What happened to the girl at the end of the story?
16. Which of the following would a teacher encourage students to do in order to develop their cognitive strategies?
A. To make a study plan.
B. To summarize a story.
C. To read a text aloud.
D. To do pattern drills.
17. Which of the following exercises would a teacher most probably use if he/she wants to help students de-velop discourse competence?
A. Paraphrasing sentences.
B. Translating sentences.
C. Unscrambling sentences.
D. Transforming sentences.
18. The advantages of pair and group work include all of the following EXCEPT__________.
A. interaction with peers
B. variety and dynamism
C. an increase in language practice
D. opportunities to guarantee accuracy
19. Which of the following should a teacher avoid when his/her focus is on developing students' ability to use words appropriately?
A. Teaching both the spoken and written form.
B. Teaching words in context and giving examples.
C. Presenting the form, meaning, and use of a word.
D. Asking students to memorize bilingual word lists.
20. Which of the following practices is most likely to encourage students' cooperation in learning?
A. Doing a project.
B. Having a dictation
C. Taking a test.
D. Copying a text.
閱讀Passage 1，完成第21～25小題。
Passage 1
Today's adults grew up in schools designed to sort us into the various segments of our social and eco-nomic system. The amount of time available to learn was fixed : one year per grade. The amount learned by the end of that time was free to vary:some of us learned a great deal;some,very little. As we advanced through the grades,those who had learned a great deal in previous grades continued to build on those foundations.
Those who had failed to master the early prerequisites within the allotted time failed to learn that which fol-lowed. After 12 or 13 years of cumulative treatment of this kind ,we were ,in effect, spread along an achieve-ment continuum that was ultimately reflected in each student's rank in class upon graduation.
From the very earliest grades, some students learned a great deal very quickly and consistently scored high on assessments. The emotional effect of this was to help them to see themselves as capable learners, and so these students became increasingly confident in school. That confidence gave them the inner emotional strength to take the risk of striving for more success because they believed that success was within their reach. Driven forward by this optimism,these students continued to try hard, and that effort continued to re-sult in success for them. They became the academic and emotional winners. Notice that the trigger for their e-motional strength and their learning success was their perception of their success on formal and informal as-sessments.
But there were other students who didn't fare so well. They scored very low on tests, beginning in theearliest grades. The emotional effect was to cause them to question their own capabilities as learners. They be-gan to lose confidence, which, in turn, deprived them of the emotional reserves needed to continue to take risks. As their motivation warned, of course, their performance plummeted. These students embarked on what they believed to be an irreversible slide toward inevitable failure and lost hope. Once again, the emotional trigger for their decision not to try was their perception of their performance on assessments.
Consider the reality--indeed, the paradox--of the schools in which we were reared. If some students worked hard and learned a lot, that was a positive result, and they would finish high in the rank order. But if some students gave up in hopeless failure, that was an acceptable result, too, because they would occupy places very low in the rank order. Their achievement results fed into the implicit mission of schools : the grea-ter the spread of achievement among students, the more it reinforced the rank order. This is why, if some students gave up and stopped trying(even dropped out of school), that was regarded as the student's prob-lem, not the teacher's or the school's.
Once again, please notice who is using test results to decide whether to strive for excellence or give up in hopelessness. The "data-based decision makers" in this process are students themselves. Students are deci-ding whether success is within or beyond reach, whether the learning is worth the required effort, and so whether to try or not. The critical emotions underpinning the decision making process include anxiety, fear of failure, uncertainty, and unwillingness to take risks--all triggered by students' perceptions of their own capa-bilities as reflected in assessment results.
Some students responded to the demands of such environments by working hard and learning a great deal. Others controlled their anxiety by giving up and not caring. The result for them is exactly the opposite of the one society wants. Instead of leaving no child behind, these practices, in effect, drove down the achieve-ment of at least as many students as they successfully elevated. And the evidence suggests that the downside victims are more frequently members of particular socioeconomic and ethnic minorities.
21. What has made students spread along an achievement continuum according to the passage?
A. The allotted time to learn.
B. Social and economic system.
C. The early prerequisites students mastered.
D. Performance on formal and informal assessments.
22. What is the author's attitude towards the old mission of assessment?
A. Supportive.
B. Indifferent.
C. Negative.
D. Neutral.
23. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word" plummeted" in Paragraph 3 ?
A. Punished timely.
B. Spread widely.
C. Continued gradually.
D. Dropped sharply.
24. Which of the following describes the paradox of the schools?
A. Discrepancy between what they say and what they do.
B. Differences between teachers' problems and schools' problems.
C. Advantages and disadvantages of students' learning opportunities.
D. Students' perception and the reality of their performance on assessments.
25. Which of the following will be triggered by the assessment results according to the passage?
A. Students' learning efforts.
B. Leaving-no-child-behind policy.
C. Socioeconomic and ethnic ranking.
D. Social disapproval of schools' mission.
請閱讀Passage 2，完成26～30小題。
Passage 2
Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people.
Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further:they have found that newborns cry in their native language. "We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg, Germany, who led the research.
"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry mel-odies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life,within the last trimester," said Wermke. "Contrary to orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development. "
It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory appara-tus,in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical. "The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound," says Wermke. This study refutes that claim : since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being con-strained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo. "German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology," the scientists point out. "The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological'rising patterns," showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.
Although phonemes--speech sounds such as "ki" or "sh" --don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.
The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners—good luck with that--but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months be-fore birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own I sound I pro- duction," conclude the scientists. Newborns' "cries are already tuned toward their native language," giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or any-thing else:the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language( thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.
Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry:she's practicing to acquire language.
26. What does Kathleen Wermke's research indicate?
A. Babies are unable to do vocal imitation.
B. Babies' cries could be their early language acquisition.
C. Babies start speech acquisition months after their birth.
D. A crying baby is a crying baby no matter what the culture is.
根據“We have provided evidence that language be-gins with the very first cry melodies”及后文可知，Kathleen Wermke的研究是用嬰兒哭聲聲調的不同來說明嬰兒語言的習得可能在子宮中就開始了，嬰兒的哭聲可能就是他們早期語言習得的體現。B項說法正確。根據“That acquisition，it is now clear，begins months before birth，probably in the third trimester”可知，C項與原文不符。D項在文中直接進行了說明，不符合題目要求。故本題選B。
27. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient" in Paragraph 2?
A. Surrounding.
B. Familiar.
C. Foreign.
D. Local.
另外文章倒數第二段中也提到了“Newborns‘not only have memorized…of their respective surrounding language…”。所以“ambient”與“surroundin9”的意思接近，本題選A。familiar“熟悉的”，foreign“外國的”，local“當地的”。
28. Why do German and French babies produce different types of cries according to the research?
A. Because they can control what they hear.
B. Because they can control their different breathing patterns.
C. Because they don't share the same physiological structure.
D. Because they can somehow control their sound production.
29. When does language acquisition begin according to the research?
A. It begins with the birth of a baby.
B. It begins before the birth of a baby.
C. It begins when a baby starts imitating adults' speech.
D. It begins with a baby's cry melodies typical of its mother tongue.
30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Babies' cries have long been the concerns of scientists.
B. Babies start their speech acquisition at the age of three months.
C. Studying babies' cries helps us understand their speech perception.
D. Babies' true speech,rather than their cries, should be the focus of study.
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