Passage Three
　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　32.A) Job security.
　　B) Good labour relations.
　　C) Challenging work.
　　D) Attractive wages and benefits.
　　33.A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.
　　B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.
　　C) Computers will change to nature of many jobs.
　　D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.
　　34.A) Offer them chances of promotion.
　　B) Improve their working conditions.
　　C) Encourage them to compete with each other.
　　D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.
　　35.A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.
　　B) They concern a small number of people only.
　　C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.
　　D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.
　　[原文]
　　It is logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits, and job security motivate workers. But one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers, they are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there are always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs, and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as part of a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team. And let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them, and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company shared values or culture, with which all the staff can identify. For example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user friendly, or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets, which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there is only a limited number of such goals to go around. And by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.
　　Questions:
　　32. What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?
　　33. What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
　　34. What do some supermarkets do to motivate their employees?
　　35. Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
　　[答案解析]
　　32．C
　　細(xì)節(jié)題。本題詢問(wèn)到底什么可以真正激勵(lì)員工努力工作呢。原文提到Motivators，in contrast，include things such as having a challenging and interesting job，recognition and responsibility．(與之相對(duì)，起激勵(lì)作用的包括富有挑戰(zhàn)性和趣味性的工作，贊譽(yù)以及責(zé)任感。)A是說(shuō)工作安全性；B是說(shuō)好的工作關(guān)系；D是說(shuō)高薪和福利。這三項(xiàng)在文章句話中出現(xiàn)，但Frederick Herzberg認(rèn)為這些do not motivate workers(并不能激勵(lì)員工)。因此C是正確答案。
　　33．A
　　細(xì)節(jié)題。本題詢問(wèn)作者對(duì)電腦信息時(shí)代工作的看法。文章中提到However，even with the development of computers and robotics，there are always plenty of boring，repetitive and mechanical jobs，and lots of unskilled people who have to do them．(盡管電腦和機(jī)器人技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展，還是存在那些無(wú)聊的、重復(fù)和機(jī)械的工作，需要那些沒(méi)有一技之長(zhǎng)的人完成它們。)選項(xiàng)A中tedious“無(wú)聊的”，manually“手工做地”，與原文相對(duì)應(yīng)。B是說(shuō)越來(lái)越多的沒(méi)有一技之長(zhǎng)的工人將失業(yè)；C是說(shuō)計(jì)算機(jī)將會(huì)改變?cè)S多工作的性質(zhì)；D是說(shuō)枯燥的工作將會(huì)漸漸變得有趣，均與原文不符。因此A為正確答案。
　　34．D
　　細(xì)節(jié)題。本題詢問(wèn)超市如何激勵(lì)員工努力工作。在文中激勵(lì)超市員工工作是作者引用的一個(gè)事例，但是問(wèn)題本身針對(duì)的是總結(jié)性的答案。即出現(xiàn)在for example前的總結(jié)句：Give them some responsibilities，not as individuals，but as a part of a team．(分給他們責(zé)任，不是把他們作為單個(gè)的個(gè)人，而是作為閉隊(duì)的一部分。)關(guān)鍵詞responsibilities．team都出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)D中。A是說(shuō)提供給員工升職的機(jī)會(huì)；B是說(shuō)改善工作環(huán)境；C是說(shuō)鼓勵(lì)員工與他人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，文中均未提及。因此D為正確答案。
　　35．B
　　細(xì)節(jié)題。本題詢問(wèn)為什么金錢誘惑刺激不了工作熱情。答案出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾處Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets，which ultimately only concern a few people．(團(tuán)隊(duì)精神更能激起工作熱情，因?yàn)榻疱X利益終只會(huì)與團(tuán)隊(duì)中的個(gè)別人相關(guān)。)B選項(xiàng)是原文only concern a few people的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。A是說(shuō)它不能給員工帶來(lái)真正的利益；C是說(shuō)它是由管理層獨(dú)斷設(shè)立的；D是說(shuō)它超出了一般員工的掌控，文中均未提及。因此B為正確答案。

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