Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
47. N taking
48. D concern
49. M stop
50. B available
51. I prefer
52. L specify
53. O variety
54. G nationwide
55. F items
56. E criteria
這是一篇新聞報道類的文章，關于美國一些著名餐公司開始意識到快餐對對其青少年健康的不良影響，并開始采取相應措施改變這一現狀。這是美國近的熱門話題， 滬江經濟學人新聞聽寫12月16日的的聽寫內容關于麥當勞的一篇文章與之就是類似的主題。 對于考生來說這一話題也并不陌生，從內容上來還是比較容易理解的。
47.N take a cue from 固定搭配，表示按…的指點行事。
48.D 在快餐在兒童中引起肥胖癥的現象受到越來越多關注的背景之下，19家公司宣誓將為兒童提供更多健康的菜單選擇，結合上下文可知空格處應填concern
49.M 因為上一段剛剛提到快餐引起兒童肥胖的問題獲得了越來越多的重視，第2段順承上面的內容，講到漢堡王采取的相應措施：將從本月起停止提供兒童快餐里的炸薯條和蘇打汽水.所以填stop 。
50前面說了將停止提供兒童快餐里的炸薯條和蘇打汽水，根據although知道內容上應該是一個轉折，所以后面應該是still available，仍然可以買得到。
51. 這句話涉及到一個比較，whether...or, 選項中只有prefer一個課用于比較，所以空格處填prefer.
52. 這是緊接著上一句的， 上面剛剛講到問顧客是選擇套餐時是更喜歡選牛奶還是蘋果片，這是一種將顧客的需求具體化，所以填specify。
53. a variety of 固定搭配，各種各樣的。 在這句話中是指其他參與將為美國兒童提供更健康的事物的快餐店，也提供各種各樣的菜單選擇。
54. 結合上下文可知，(Kid Live Well)“讓孩子們生活的更好”運動應該是全國范圍內展開的一場大型運動，所以填nationwide。
55 通過第三段句話的后半句可以看出， 兒童的每頓飯中要包含冒號之后部分的食物中的至少兩項，所以55空填item ，指的是后面的選項。
56. 前面提到的食物都是低脂、第卡路里的健康食物，后一句中提到在其他的要求中，餐館提供的附加菜必須滿足同樣的要求, 所以填criteria
Section B
As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That’s bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think.
That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations, and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still humming along, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!
And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.
I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. It’s true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And it’s true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it’s a new one or not.
But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. They’re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.
So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.
57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______?
A) deprives many people of job opportunities.
B) prevents many people from changing careers.
C) should not stop people from looking for a job.
D) does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening.
58. Where do most job openings come from?
A) Job growth
B) Job turnover
C) Improved economy
D) Business expansion
59. What does the author say about overall job growth?
A) It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.
B) It increases people’s confidence in the economy.
C) It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.
D) It doesn’t mean greater job security for the employed.
60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?
A) Education
B) Intelligence
C) Persistence
D) Experience
61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US?
A) They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.
B) They provide the public with the latest information.
C) They warn of the structural problems in the economy.
D) They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.
SB__1答案
點評：本篇文章選自TIME周刊的財經板塊，原文標題為“Why Job Hunters Shouldn’t Worry So Much About Paltry Job Growth”，文章主要表達了這樣一種觀點，即找工作的人不必太在意官方提供的高失業率，就業增長等數據，原因在于這些并不等說明現實情況，比如：人員更替帶來了更多的職位空缺，因此，即便是經濟增速緩慢，就業增長為零，依然還是有很多的職位空缺存在。所以，如作者后點睛所言，So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. 不灰心不放棄。
從整體語言難度來說，文章難度不是很大，財經相關的一些詞匯基本都是大家比較熟悉的。并沒有出現過高難度的長難句以及詞匯，整體理解起來也相對容易。
今后大家還應當繼續注重一些商務詞匯的表達，如job turnover（人員更替），termination解雇，land jobs找工作，等等。
57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______?
答案：C. should not stop people from looking for a job.
解析：本題重點考察作者觀點。題干問在作者看來，高失業率怎么樣？鎖定原文段，雖然段中的bad for the economy，discouraging，change careers等字眼跟選項ABD當中的詞匯很類似，但是要注意的是，真正表達作者觀點的是段后一句But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think。其實高失業率跟你沒太大關系。包括原文后一段句“So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up.”所以，綜上所述，它不該給你找工作帶來阻礙，引申意思就是該怎么辦就怎么辦，不要在意官方統計的高失業率。
58. Where do most job openings come from?
答案：B. Job turnover
解析：本題屬于細節考查題。題干問大部分的職位空缺來自于哪里？根據四個選項，可以用排除法將business expansion排除，因為原文并未提及。再剩下的三個選項中，根據原文第二段的句job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much asjob turnover data以及turnovercreates more openings than economic growth does.可以確定人員更替（turnover）提供了更多的職位空缺，因此答案為Job turnover。
59. What does the author say about overall job growth?
答案：A. It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.
解析：本題繼續考察作者觀點。題干問作者對于整體就業增長（overall job growth）的態度是怎樣的，可以定位到原文倒數第三段，關鍵是句：I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. 此處用到雙重否定，“我并不是說整體就業增長對一個人找工作沒有絲毫影響”，也就是說“有一定影響，但是沒有那么大”所以答案是A，而BCD選項的confidence，hope，job security原文并未提及。
60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?
答案：C. Persistence
解析：本題屬于細節考查題。定位原文倒數第二段句But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. 關鍵詞是stay motivated
61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US?
答案：D. They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.
解析：本題屬于細節考查題。根據倒數第二段的后一句The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.可知答案選D，那一部分人已經被排除掉了，所以失業率這個數據是有水分的。
Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it?
While such vigilant（警覺的）tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.
In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.
It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy（預期壽命）.
A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.
It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care.”
That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.
62. Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?
A. It is believed to contribute to long life.
B. It is part of their health care package.
C. The elderly are more sensitive about their health.
D. The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.
63. How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?
A. It adds too much to their medical bills.
B. It helps increase their life expectancy.
C. They are doubtful about necessity.
D. They think it does more than good.
64. What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?
A. It applies to women over 50.
B. It is a must for adult women.
C. It is optional for young women.
D. It doesn’t apply to women over 74.
65. Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?
A. They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.
B. They want to take advantage of the medical care system.
C. They want data for medical research.
D. They want their patients to suffer less.
66. What does the author say is the general view about health care?
A. The more, the better.
B. Prevention is better than cure.
C. Better early than late.
D. Better care, longer life.
SB_2 答案
62. D. The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.
63. C. They are doubtful about its necessity.
64. B. It is a must for adult women.
65. A. They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.
66. A. The more, the better.
【點評】
這是一篇有關癌癥篩查的文章。長期以來，人們認為對于老年人來說，隨著年齡的增長，腫瘤生長造成的威脅就越大，所以醫生建議他們進行各類常規的癌癥篩查。但是近來，研究者開始懷疑它的必要性。當他們開始叫停50歲以下和74歲以上的婦女的乳腺癌篩查時，受慣例根深蒂固影響的人們掀起了軒然大波。不過，對于老年人來話說，癌癥的風險還要和預期壽命進行權衡。近期的調查還顯示很多醫生讓病人進行癌癥篩查純粹是為了在醫療事故中保護自己，所以這篇反對了人們長期以來的對健康檢查的誤解，即健康檢查并非多多益善。
Part V Cloze
Strong emotional bonds between mothers and infants increase children’s willingness to explore the world—an effect that has been observed 67 the animal kingdom, in people, monkeys and even spiders. The more secure we are in our 68 to Mom, the more likely we are to try new things and take risks. Now researchers are discovering that this effect continues into adulthood. A 69 reminder of Mom’s touch or the sound of her voice on the phone is
70 to change people’s minds and moods, 71 their decision making in measurable ways.
In a study 72 online in April in Psychological Science, undergraduate business students had to choose between safe bets and risky gambles—a bond with a guaranteed 4 percent yearly
73 or a riskier stock option, for example. In half the cases, the experimenters patted the students 74 on the back of the shoulder for about one second 75 providing verbal instructions about the study. Both male and female students who were touched by a female experimenter were 76 more likely to choose the risky alternative 77 were those who had not been touched or were patted by male experimenters. The reassuring（寬慰的）touch of a woman may have induced early associations, 78 the same openness to exploration that is observed in young children of 79 mothers, explains Jonathan Levav, a business professor at Columbia University and lead author of the study.
To further 80 that a woman’s touch links feelings of security 81 risk taking, the researchers asked a 82 group of undergraduates to make financial decisions after a writing exercise. Half of them wrote about a time they felt secure and supported, whereas the 83 half wrote about feeling insecure and alone. Evoking (喚起) a 84 of insecurity made students in the latter group 85 receptive to the gentle shoulder pats from female experimenters and much more willing to take a risk—just as a child leaving for a field trip might steal one last reassuring hug 86 Mom before stepping on the bus.
67. A. by B. up C. above D. across
68. A. concern B. attachment C. treatment D. appeal
69. A. bare B. unique C. mere D. just
70. A. enough B. ready C. easy D. quick
71. A. generating B. regulating C. affecting D. refining
72. A. exhibited B. published C. appeared D. advertised
73. A. return B. expense C. cost D. prize
74. A. seemingly B. strongly C. partly D. lightly
75. A. if B. so C. while D. whereas
76. A. rather B. far C. further D. pretty
77. A. than B. as C. which D. that
78. A. intending B. inferring C. inspiring D. instructing
79. A. supportive B. lively C. strict D. respectful
80. A. enable B. ensure C. consent D. confirm
81. A. beyond B. with C. for D. along
82. A. relative B. competitive C. different D. successive
83. A. next B. other C. minor D. opposite
84. A. hint B. clue C. chain D. sense
85. A. especially B. specially C. securely D. entirely
86. A. toward B. into C. of D. from
67. D. across
68. C. attachment
69. C. mere
70. A. enough
71. C. affecting
72. B. published
73. A. return
74. D. lightly
75. C. while
76. B. far
77. A. than
78. C. inspiring
79. A. supportive
80. D. confirm
81. B. with
82. C. different
83. B. other
84. D. sense
85. A. especially
86. D. from
【總評】完形填空原文源自美國科普雜志《科學美國人》（Scientific American）。原文標題為
All about My Mother: How Touch Helps Us Take Risks，作者Ferris Jabr。原文共五段，495字，題目選取了原文前三段并做了細微修改，共345字。主要講述的是母親與嬰兒間形成的情感紐帶會影響孩子探索世界的行為。這是一篇典型的議論文，段句給出論點，指出母親與嬰兒間形成的情感紐帶會影響人們的行為，接著在第二段和第三段，通過兩個已經發表的文章中的實驗來證明這一觀點。
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