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歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2007-2008)

  Passage Two
  Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
  Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
  In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen – the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
  Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
  The key question is: Does that matter?
  For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no.”
  When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”
  But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收費站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (優惠券).
  But privacy does matter – at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.
  注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
  62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked” (Lines 3-4, Para. 2)?
  A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
  B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets.
  C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
  D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.
  63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
  A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.
  B) Friends should always be faithful to each other.
  C) There should be a distance even between friends.
  D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.
  64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret” (Line5, Para. 3)?
  A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.
  B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.
  C) There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs.
  D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.
  65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?
  A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.
  B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.
  C) They rely more and more on electronic devices.
  D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
  66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.
  A) people will make every effort to keep it
  B) its importance is rarely understood
  C) it is something that can easily be lost
  D) people don’t cherish it until they lose it
  這篇材料講的是信息時代的隱私保護問題,大體可以分成兩個部分,前三段是信息時代隱私遭到泄露的現狀,后面幾段講的是人們保護隱私的現實情況。
  段舉出了幾種偷窺隱私的途徑,首先是電子郵件(a stranger will read your e-mail)或網站瀏覽記錄(scan the Websites you’ve visited),然后是信用卡消費記錄和手機話費單(glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills)。
  第二段則分析了什么人會窺視隱私。作者認為可能會是配偶、女友、老板、警察、罪犯等等,范圍之廣確實會嚇人一跳,難怪作者會驚呼21世紀的信息泄露如同從前被人偷窺裸體。
  第三段論述了隱私泄露的普遍程度。如今,人與人之間界限缺失(few boundaries remain),人們會四處留下數字信息,從而將個人隱私泄露出去(make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like)。甚至簡單的Google搜索都能接觸到個人的秘密(a simple Google search can reveal what you think)。后作者得出結論:我們現在生活在一個很難保住秘密的世界(a world where you simply cannot keep a secret)。
  后面的幾段講的是現實生活中人們保護的隱私的態度。兩個大段分別從“說”和“做”兩個方面進行了論述。個大段指出人們對隱私泄露是心存憂慮的(most say they are concerned about losing it),第二個大段則列舉人們在生活中如何言行不一,不注重隱私的保護。
  后一段作者向人們提出了告誡——Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it,告訴人們不要等到隱私泄露了再去后悔。
  62. A
  題目問作者說the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked是什么意思。
  A,人們的私人信息在不知不覺中被人很容易地了解。
  B,在21世紀,人們嘗試各種方式窺探別人的隱私。
  C,在信息時代,人們傾向于彼此更加坦誠。
  D,利用高級技術,犯罪分子可以很容易被當場抓住。
  The 21st century equivalent of being caught naked這句話的字面意思是“相當于21世紀被人看到裸體”,結合上下文,可知是形容在21世紀個人信息很容易被人看到,隱私被人窺視,和過去被人看到裸體一樣。A的說法與此一致。
  B的說法和A有一定相似之處,不過B使用的主動語態,強調有人窺探別人隱私的行為本身,而原文是強調隱私“被”人看到,突出后果,B并不準確。C和文意相去甚遠,而D是對be caught naked詞組的錯誤理解。
  63. C
  題目問心理學家會對朋友之間的關系做出什么建議。
  A,朋友應該向彼此敞開心懷。
  B,朋友應該永遠衷心于對方。
  C,在朋友之間也應保持一定距離。
  D,朋友之間少些爭吵。
  題目中的關鍵信息是“心理學家”和“朋友”,文中第三段開頭就提到了心理學家和朋友、家庭、愛人等等,可以判斷答案就在此處。心理學家的建議一共有兩句話,分別由兩個賓語從句引導。首先是boundaries are healthy,直譯為界限是健康的。“界限”應該是指人與人之間關系的界限,等同于C所說的一定的距離。Healthy一詞是對人與人之間保持一定距離的肯定。
  其次是it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times,這里表達了向朋友、家人、愛人開放自我的重要性,應該等同于A所說的向彼此敞開心懷,但要注意句尾的兩個狀語對“敞開心懷”的方式進行了限制。In stages等于bit by bit,意思是“分階段地、一步一步地”,而at appropriate times指在合適的時候才向對方敞開心懷。整體觀察第二個賓語從句,important實際上強調的是兩個狀語,也就是在in stages和at appropriate times的前提下向朋友敞開心扉是重要的,而不是敞開心扉本身。
  由此看來,C的說法更為準確,而A并不是作者的本來意圖。B和D在兩個賓語從句中都沒有提到,可以排除。
  64. B
  題目問為什么作者會說we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret。
  A,現代社會已經終發展成為開放社會。
  B,人們在使用現代技術的時候會四處留下痕跡。
  C,總會有人對別人的事情感興趣。
  D,許多搜索引擎靠泄露人們的身份而獲利。
  這是一道句子理解題,觀察發現這句話是對前文的總結,具體地說,是對63題所考查的心理學家言論之后內容的總結。
  第三段句話剛剛對朋友、愛人之間保持一定距離作出正面肯定,第二句話馬上就提出了反駁,few boundaries remain——界限幾乎已經不復存在。The digital bread crumbs you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like,作者在這里使用了一個比喻,把數字化操作留下的記錄比喻為數字面包屑。本句大意是數字化操作留下的記錄可以讓陌生人很容易地知道你是誰、你在哪里、你喜歡什么。此后的一句以搜索引擎為例進行了說明。
  A的說法非常空泛,也很武斷,第三段的內容僅僅是人們進行電腦等操作會泄露信息,把這種個別現象上升為社會變革顯然不合適,也不是作者的意圖。
  B的說法符合文意,modern technology應該就是指文中的digital bread和Google。
  C的說法來源于for strangers to reconstruct who you are這一句,這句話透露出的信息僅僅是陌生人獲得個人隱私更加容易,至于是否總會有人對別人的事情感興趣則沒有提到。
  D的說法照應文中有關Google的內容,但文中沒有提到搜索引擎獲利問題,可以排除D。
  65. D
  題目問對于隱私保護,大多數美國人是如何做的。
  A,他們改變了可能會泄露他們身份的行為。
  B,他們使用不同的忠誠卡(顧客積分卡)來做商業交易。
  C,他們越來越依賴于電子設備。
  D,他們只說不做。
  文章中間部分有一個小段:For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no”,對于許多美國人來說,答案顯然是不。這里指的是許多美國人并不在乎隱私被泄露。此后的兩段對此進行了解釋。
  兩段中的段講的是美國人口頭上的說法:most say they are concerned about losing it,多數人表示擔憂隱私泄露。第二段則暴露了美國人的實際行動:Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy,只有一小部分美國人為保護隱私而改變了自己的行為。反過來說,大部分美國人并沒有改變什么。這是典型的言行不一,正如這一點開頭的一句話所說:people say one thing and do another——這正好和D的說法一致。
  66. D
  題目問根據這篇材料,隱私在什么地方與健康相似。
  A,人們會想盡一切辦法保護隱私。
  B,其重要性很少被人理解。
  C,它是種很容易失去的東西。
  D,人們在失去它的時候才珍惜它。
  題目中的關鍵信息是health,在文章末尾部分尋找health一詞,發現它出現后一段中,可以判斷這后一題考查的是文章末尾部分,而不是全篇內容。
  But privacy does matter- at least sometimes. It’s like health; when you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it——直譯為:“隱私是有關系的,至少是某些時候。它就像健康,在你擁有它時,你注意不到它。只有當它離你而去時你才想要是更注意地保護過它就好了。”這段話無論從句法結構還是詞匯難度上都很容易,也沒有出現體現獨特英語思維的比喻等修辭,所以理解起來較為輕松,是一道送分題。D的說法完全切合后一段的說法,是正確的。

  更多推薦:
  歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2004-2006)
  歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)

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