歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2007-2008)
2008.12
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
If you’re a male and you’re reading this, congratulations: you’re a survivor. According to statistics, you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, than nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman.
There’re many reasons for this – typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke – but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.
“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should,” says Dr. Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.”
Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over45, it should be at least once a year.
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.
“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延長) his life.”
According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
“A lot of men think they’re invincible (不可戰勝的),” Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’”
Then there’s the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr, Ross Cartmill.
“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost far greater; it’s called premature death.”
注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
57. Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?
A) They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.
B) Their average life span has been considerably extended.
C) They have lived long enough to read this article.
D) They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.
58. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
A) Men drink and smoke much more than women.
B) Men don’t seek medical care as often as women
C) Men aren’t as cautious as women in face of danger.
D) Men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases.
59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him, …” (Line2, Para. 8)?
A) it could happen to me, too
B) I should avoid playing golf
C) I should consider myself lucky
D) it would be a big misfortune
60. What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach” (Line 1, Para. 9)
A) A casual attitude towards one’s health conditions.
B) A new therapy for certain psychological problems.
C) Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.
D) Unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear.
61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
A) They may increase public expenses.
B) They will save money in the long run.
C) They may cause psychological strains on men.
D) They will enable men to live as long as women.
這篇文章的主要內容是男性壽命短于女性的成因,作者在文中提出了自己的新穎觀點——男性看醫生的次數少于女性,并對此進來了論述。
材料以聳人聽聞的說法開篇(you’re a survivor),立即吸引了讀者(尤其是男性讀者)的注意力,隨后指出男性不論是患病死亡(more than twice as likely to die)還是壽終正寢(on average five years before a woman),其壽命都要短于女性。
下一段探究了這種現象的原因,首先給出幾個眾所周知的原因,如男性吸煙喝酒(more likely to drink and smoke),而后提出了自己的獨特觀點:男性壽命短是因為他們不看醫生(men don’t go to the doctor)。
男性如何不愛求醫?這是后面5個小段的內容。男性(尤其是四十歲以上的男性)看醫生的次數少于正常次數,按正常情況,一位健康男性應該沒一兩年看一次醫生,而45歲以上者應該每年至少一次。作者給出了一個50歲男性的例子,他在咳嗽癥狀發生后一年才去看醫生,結果導致癌癥擴散而早亡。
此5小段之后,作者探討了男性不愛看醫生的心理原因。很多男性認為自己不可戰勝(即不會得病),同時采取了一種鴕鳥策略,即害怕知道病情而不敢看病。后一段從看病成本上分析定期體檢的好處,指出從長遠來看,預防(體檢)的花費要低于得病后治療的花費。
57. C
題目問作者為什么在開頭恭喜他的男性讀者。
首先看恭喜的內容:you’re a survivor,意思是你是一位幸存者。“幸存者”的潛臺詞就是本來“我”可能已經死了,但因為某些原因才幸運地活到現在。作者在后面用數據解釋了如此恭喜的原因:“我”患皮膚癌和艾滋病而死亡的幾率遠遠大于女性;即便是沒有患這些重病,男性壽終正寢的平均年齡也比女性少五年。如此解釋之后,“我”確實足夠幸運,尚未因癌癥和艾滋病而死,還有機會讀到了這篇文章。當然這只是作者的夸張說法而已。
A,現在他們患重病而存活的幾率更高。這個選項考查對第二行、第三行有關皮膚癌和艾滋病的句子的理解。文章說男性死于皮膚癌和艾滋病的幾率遠大于女性,和A的說法正好相反。
B,他們的平均壽命大大地延長了。這句話里出現了average,顯然是考查段后一句話。You’ll die on average five years before a woman, 這句話大意是男性平均壽命比女性短,和B說法無關。
C,他們能讀到這篇文章,說明已經足夠長壽。符合前面的分析。
D,他們一定會享受更長壽、快樂的生活。這句話屬于無中生有,即便從全文角度講,男性按照作者建議注重醫療保健,從而獲得延長生命,但也不代表生命就是happier。
四個選項中C的說法為理想。
58.B
題目問作者認為男性平均壽命比女性短5年的重要原因是什么。
A, 男性抽煙喝酒遠多于女性。
B, 男性不像女性經常尋求醫療救治。
C, 男性在面對危險時不如女性謹慎小心。
D, 男性更可能患致命疾病。
題目的關鍵信息是reason和most important,第二段提到了reason一詞,而這里講的也確實是題目所要求的原因。原因有三點,一是危險(risks),一是抽煙喝酒,一是不看醫生(don’t go to doctor)。其中在引出第三點時,作者稱之為more importantly,也就是比前幾點重要。鑒于文中已找不出其他原因,則更為重要也就是重要,答案應該是“不看醫生”。B的說法與此一致。
59.A
題目問下列哪句話填入文中if it could happen to him之后為合適。
A, 那也可能發生在我的身上。
B, 我不能打高爾夫球了。
C, 我應該覺得自己幸運。
D, 那真是太不幸了。
這是一道句子理解題,必須結合前后句的邏輯關系進行判斷。
此段之前的幾段內容的核心思想是男性看醫生的次數大大少于女性。本段開頭說到很多男性認為自己是不可戰勝的(invincible),這句話照應上文的內容,應該是男性不愿看醫生的原因所在。下一句說到男性僅僅得知一個朋友死在高爾夫球場上才開始有所醒悟,這一句中的only表示與上一句在句意上的轉折關系,也就是男性認為自己不可戰勝,“但是”當聽說朋友猝死時,他們才開始有所領悟。這樣的話,他們此時所想的一定是對自身狀況的擔心,否則就不能體現出轉折含義。四個選項中A為合適,其他幾項都沒有表達對自己的擔憂。
60.D
題目問Cartmill所說的the ostrich approach是什么意思。
A, 對健康狀況的隨意態度。
B, 某些心理問題的新的治療方法。
C, 因害怕痛苦而拒絕接受醫治。
D, 因害怕而不愿去發現自己的疾病。
首先看這幾個單詞的意思,ostrich是鴕鳥,approach是方法,合起來就是鴕鳥的方法。鴕鳥的方法到底是什么需要結合文章環境來理解。
正如上一題中所談到的,男人們會對朋友的猝死感到吃驚,進而對自己的健康產生憂慮。接下來文章講到男人們開始使用鴕鳥的方法,具體的方法如Cartmill所說:有些男人害怕可能有的東西(what might be there),寧愿不知道(would rather not know)。這里可能有的東西當然是指疾病,寧愿不知道的原因是什么呢?是因為害怕(scared of)。這里的邏輯順序是這樣的:男人害怕疾病,所以不想了解疾病。害怕疾病卻不想了解疾病,這似乎有點說不過去。但這就是鴕鳥方式的特點。平時我們可能聽說過,鴕鳥遇到危險時會把頭插到沙子里,以不正視危險來逃避危險,這就是鴕鳥方式的來由。男性對待疾病的方式與此類似,所以被稱為使用了鴕鳥的方法。這里有兩個關鍵點,一是害怕(可排除A、B),二是不愿去正視(排除C)。
61.B
題目問關于男性定期體檢Cartmill是如何說的。
后一題一般考查后一段的內容,這一道也不例外。文章后一段主要論述了男性定期體檢的問題,提到了Cartmill的三點看法。,定期體檢毫無疑問會給公共支出帶來壓力(后一段的句話)。第二,預防疾病比治療疾病更加便宜。第三,終的代價要遠為昂貴,那就是英年早逝(后一句話)。把各個選項與這三點進行對比就可選出正確答案。
A, 體檢可能會增加公共支出。文中確實有相關描述,原文為inevitable place strain on the public purse,意為給公共錢包(意即公共支出)增加壓力。體檢會增加國家的支出,這一點我們似乎理解上有一些困難,問題可能在于,在作者所在的國家實行了類似全民公費醫療的政策,體檢費由國家買單,所以增加男性定期體檢項目就會增加國庫支出。
B, 從長遠看,體檢會節約支出。Cartmill的第二點看法所說的“預防”具體化為行動也就是定期體檢,所以B的說法正確。相較而言,A因為沒有指明是長期還是短期,所以準確度較B差些,還是應該選擇B為正確答案。
C, 體檢可能會引起男性的心理緊張。這里出現了strain,是考查對第二點的理解,但說法錯誤。
D, 體檢可以使男性和女性一樣長壽。這個說法勉強可以算是對第三點看法的考查,因為第三點里出現了death,與壽命有關;而前面的premature又是一個難詞,容易造成理解困難。
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
If you’re a male and you’re reading this, congratulations: you’re a survivor. According to statistics, you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, than nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman.
There’re many reasons for this – typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke – but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.
“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should,” says Dr. Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.”
Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over45, it should be at least once a year.
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.
“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延長) his life.”
According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
“A lot of men think they’re invincible (不可戰勝的),” Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’”
Then there’s the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr, Ross Cartmill.
“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost far greater; it’s called premature death.”
注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
57. Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?
A) They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.
B) Their average life span has been considerably extended.
C) They have lived long enough to read this article.
D) They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.
58. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
A) Men drink and smoke much more than women.
B) Men don’t seek medical care as often as women
C) Men aren’t as cautious as women in face of danger.
D) Men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases.
59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him, …” (Line2, Para. 8)?
A) it could happen to me, too
B) I should avoid playing golf
C) I should consider myself lucky
D) it would be a big misfortune
60. What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach” (Line 1, Para. 9)
A) A casual attitude towards one’s health conditions.
B) A new therapy for certain psychological problems.
C) Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.
D) Unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear.
61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
A) They may increase public expenses.
B) They will save money in the long run.
C) They may cause psychological strains on men.
D) They will enable men to live as long as women.
這篇文章的主要內容是男性壽命短于女性的成因,作者在文中提出了自己的新穎觀點——男性看醫生的次數少于女性,并對此進來了論述。
材料以聳人聽聞的說法開篇(you’re a survivor),立即吸引了讀者(尤其是男性讀者)的注意力,隨后指出男性不論是患病死亡(more than twice as likely to die)還是壽終正寢(on average five years before a woman),其壽命都要短于女性。
下一段探究了這種現象的原因,首先給出幾個眾所周知的原因,如男性吸煙喝酒(more likely to drink and smoke),而后提出了自己的獨特觀點:男性壽命短是因為他們不看醫生(men don’t go to the doctor)。
男性如何不愛求醫?這是后面5個小段的內容。男性(尤其是四十歲以上的男性)看醫生的次數少于正常次數,按正常情況,一位健康男性應該沒一兩年看一次醫生,而45歲以上者應該每年至少一次。作者給出了一個50歲男性的例子,他在咳嗽癥狀發生后一年才去看醫生,結果導致癌癥擴散而早亡。
此5小段之后,作者探討了男性不愛看醫生的心理原因。很多男性認為自己不可戰勝(即不會得病),同時采取了一種鴕鳥策略,即害怕知道病情而不敢看病。后一段從看病成本上分析定期體檢的好處,指出從長遠來看,預防(體檢)的花費要低于得病后治療的花費。
57. C
題目問作者為什么在開頭恭喜他的男性讀者。
首先看恭喜的內容:you’re a survivor,意思是你是一位幸存者。“幸存者”的潛臺詞就是本來“我”可能已經死了,但因為某些原因才幸運地活到現在。作者在后面用數據解釋了如此恭喜的原因:“我”患皮膚癌和艾滋病而死亡的幾率遠遠大于女性;即便是沒有患這些重病,男性壽終正寢的平均年齡也比女性少五年。如此解釋之后,“我”確實足夠幸運,尚未因癌癥和艾滋病而死,還有機會讀到了這篇文章。當然這只是作者的夸張說法而已。
A,現在他們患重病而存活的幾率更高。這個選項考查對第二行、第三行有關皮膚癌和艾滋病的句子的理解。文章說男性死于皮膚癌和艾滋病的幾率遠大于女性,和A的說法正好相反。
B,他們的平均壽命大大地延長了。這句話里出現了average,顯然是考查段后一句話。You’ll die on average five years before a woman, 這句話大意是男性平均壽命比女性短,和B說法無關。
C,他們能讀到這篇文章,說明已經足夠長壽。符合前面的分析。
D,他們一定會享受更長壽、快樂的生活。這句話屬于無中生有,即便從全文角度講,男性按照作者建議注重醫療保健,從而獲得延長生命,但也不代表生命就是happier。
四個選項中C的說法為理想。
58.B
題目問作者認為男性平均壽命比女性短5年的重要原因是什么。
A, 男性抽煙喝酒遠多于女性。
B, 男性不像女性經常尋求醫療救治。
C, 男性在面對危險時不如女性謹慎小心。
D, 男性更可能患致命疾病。
題目的關鍵信息是reason和most important,第二段提到了reason一詞,而這里講的也確實是題目所要求的原因。原因有三點,一是危險(risks),一是抽煙喝酒,一是不看醫生(don’t go to doctor)。其中在引出第三點時,作者稱之為more importantly,也就是比前幾點重要。鑒于文中已找不出其他原因,則更為重要也就是重要,答案應該是“不看醫生”。B的說法與此一致。
59.A
題目問下列哪句話填入文中if it could happen to him之后為合適。
A, 那也可能發生在我的身上。
B, 我不能打高爾夫球了。
C, 我應該覺得自己幸運。
D, 那真是太不幸了。
這是一道句子理解題,必須結合前后句的邏輯關系進行判斷。
此段之前的幾段內容的核心思想是男性看醫生的次數大大少于女性。本段開頭說到很多男性認為自己是不可戰勝的(invincible),這句話照應上文的內容,應該是男性不愿看醫生的原因所在。下一句說到男性僅僅得知一個朋友死在高爾夫球場上才開始有所醒悟,這一句中的only表示與上一句在句意上的轉折關系,也就是男性認為自己不可戰勝,“但是”當聽說朋友猝死時,他們才開始有所領悟。這樣的話,他們此時所想的一定是對自身狀況的擔心,否則就不能體現出轉折含義。四個選項中A為合適,其他幾項都沒有表達對自己的擔憂。
60.D
題目問Cartmill所說的the ostrich approach是什么意思。
A, 對健康狀況的隨意態度。
B, 某些心理問題的新的治療方法。
C, 因害怕痛苦而拒絕接受醫治。
D, 因害怕而不愿去發現自己的疾病。
首先看這幾個單詞的意思,ostrich是鴕鳥,approach是方法,合起來就是鴕鳥的方法。鴕鳥的方法到底是什么需要結合文章環境來理解。
正如上一題中所談到的,男人們會對朋友的猝死感到吃驚,進而對自己的健康產生憂慮。接下來文章講到男人們開始使用鴕鳥的方法,具體的方法如Cartmill所說:有些男人害怕可能有的東西(what might be there),寧愿不知道(would rather not know)。這里可能有的東西當然是指疾病,寧愿不知道的原因是什么呢?是因為害怕(scared of)。這里的邏輯順序是這樣的:男人害怕疾病,所以不想了解疾病。害怕疾病卻不想了解疾病,這似乎有點說不過去。但這就是鴕鳥方式的特點。平時我們可能聽說過,鴕鳥遇到危險時會把頭插到沙子里,以不正視危險來逃避危險,這就是鴕鳥方式的來由。男性對待疾病的方式與此類似,所以被稱為使用了鴕鳥的方法。這里有兩個關鍵點,一是害怕(可排除A、B),二是不愿去正視(排除C)。
61.B
題目問關于男性定期體檢Cartmill是如何說的。
后一題一般考查后一段的內容,這一道也不例外。文章后一段主要論述了男性定期體檢的問題,提到了Cartmill的三點看法。,定期體檢毫無疑問會給公共支出帶來壓力(后一段的句話)。第二,預防疾病比治療疾病更加便宜。第三,終的代價要遠為昂貴,那就是英年早逝(后一句話)。把各個選項與這三點進行對比就可選出正確答案。
A, 體檢可能會增加公共支出。文中確實有相關描述,原文為inevitable place strain on the public purse,意為給公共錢包(意即公共支出)增加壓力。體檢會增加國家的支出,這一點我們似乎理解上有一些困難,問題可能在于,在作者所在的國家實行了類似全民公費醫療的政策,體檢費由國家買單,所以增加男性定期體檢項目就會增加國庫支出。
B, 從長遠看,體檢會節約支出。Cartmill的第二點看法所說的“預防”具體化為行動也就是定期體檢,所以B的說法正確。相較而言,A因為沒有指明是長期還是短期,所以準確度較B差些,還是應該選擇B為正確答案。
C, 體檢可能會引起男性的心理緊張。這里出現了strain,是考查對第二點的理解,但說法錯誤。
D, 體檢可以使男性和女性一樣長壽。這個說法勉強可以算是對第三點看法的考查,因為第三點里出現了death,與壽命有關;而前面的premature又是一個難詞,容易造成理解困難。
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