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歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2004-2006)

  Passage Two
  Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
  As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.
  “The Constitution,” said the association’s spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn’t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.”
  “Don’t you think it’s dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?”
  “The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (導(dǎo)火索) separately in a drawer.”
  “Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.”
  The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people—people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in.”
  “But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者).”
  “Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.”
  16. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to ________.
  A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb
  B) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weapon
  C) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at home
  D) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon(A)
  17. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that ________.
  A) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer
  B) most people don’t know how to handle the weapon
  C) people’s lives will be threatened by the weapon
  D) they may fall into the hands of criminals(C)
  18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it ________.
  A) will frighten away any possible intruders
  B) can show the special status of its owners
  C) will threaten the safety of the owners as well
  D) can kill those entering others’ houses by force(A)
  19. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that ________.
  A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcome
  B) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weapon
  C) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendously
  D) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis(D)
  20. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is ________.
  A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety
  B) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs
  C) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs
  D) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons(A)
  這篇文章講的是全國氫彈協(xié)會(National Hydrogen Bomb Association)的成立及相關(guān)的爭論。段主要介紹事件的發(fā)生:全國氫彈協(xié)會的成立以及該協(xié)會目前著手的活動:游說不要立法禁止普通人擁有氫彈(lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one)。第二段,協(xié)會發(fā)言人搬出了憲法作為如此游說的理由(The Constitution gives everyone the right to own arms,憲法給了每個人擁有武器的權(quán)利)。
  后面的幾段用問答的形式,繼續(xù)討論人們是否應(yīng)該擁有氫彈。首先是問在家中藏有這樣的武器是否太危險了(it’s dangerous to have one in the house),回答是該協(xié)會可以指導(dǎo)人們?nèi)绾问褂眠@種武器,并提出人們可以把氫彈彈體和導(dǎo)火索分開放置的方案(to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer)。
  之后懷疑人們怎么可以擁有氫彈這種非常致命的武器。回答是氫彈制造的目的是用于自我保護(The bomb is for self-protection),并舉例說若家中藏有氫彈,則會嚇阻非法闖入者(they’re going to think twice about breaking in)。
  接下來的一段對上述理由提出了反駁:若有人侵入,則根本來不及把氫彈組裝起來(never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder)。
  后一段是另一條反對意見:因為現(xiàn)在的氫彈價格昂貴,實際上它保護的對象只有富人(allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns)。
  16. A
  本題問從文中可以得知,一些人組織了一個國家協(xié)會,目的是什么。
  A,阻止任何禁止私人擁有氫彈的立法。
  B,配合這種破壞性武器的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。
  C,指導(dǎo)人們?nèi)绾伟踩匕褮鋸棽赜诩抑小?
  D,推廣銷售這種新發(fā)明的武器。
  觀察段,是一個很長的句子,可以判斷以段的內(nèi)容出一道題非常可能。這樣這道題的答案只要到段中尋找就可以了。段前半部分講的是該協(xié)會成立的緣由,與目的應(yīng)該無關(guān),那么就應(yīng)該關(guān)注后半句。后半句講的是該協(xié)會正在lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one,lobby是游說的意思,lobby against就是游說反對某事物,后面是“任何阻止美國人擁有氫彈的立法”。游說反對任何阻止美國人擁有氫彈的立法,意思與A一致,可以選A。
  17. C
  題目問一些人反對個人擁有氫彈,其理由的基礎(chǔ)在于……
  看這道題的題目,似乎較為空泛,其答案好像要結(jié)合較多文章內(nèi)容才能得出。但觀察幾個備選項,可知它們基本與文章里的個問答有關(guān),可以判斷答案就在個問答中。結(jié)合這個問答的內(nèi)容對錯誤選項進行排除,終就可找到正確的答案。
  A,氫彈的大小使其很難放入抽屜中。提到drawer的是這一句:keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer,這里講的是如何保存氫彈:將彈體放在柜子里鎖起來,把導(dǎo)火索放在抽屜里。理解了這個意思,就可知道A的說法是不正確的。
  B,大多數(shù)人不知道如何操作這種武器。文章提到handle是這一句:educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon,意思是協(xié)會希望指導(dǎo)人們?nèi)绾伟踩夭僮鬟@種武器。這是一句答語,回答的問題是“把氫彈放在家里是否太危險了”,可見武器的危險性是反對擁有它的理由,而指導(dǎo)如何操作只是應(yīng)對這種質(zhì)疑的對策而已。所以B也不對。
  C,人們的生活會受到這種武器的威脅。根據(jù)對C的分析可知,人們反對個人擁有氫彈是因為這種武器太過危險,可能會威脅自身,與C的意思一致。
  D,他們可能會落入犯罪分子的手中。這一點文中沒有提到,可以直接排除。
  18. A
  題目問發(fā)言人所說的氫彈可以起到威懾效果是指氫彈……
  A,會嚇跑潛在的入侵者。
  B,可以顯示主人的特殊地位。
  C,也會威脅主人的安全。
  D,可以殺死那些暴力進入別人房子的人。
  文章提到deterrent effect(威懾效果)是在第二個問答中。問話者對氫彈的致命性表示了擔(dān)憂(Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody),而發(fā)言人認為氫彈本身不會殺人,人才會殺人(Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people—people kill people),并指出氫彈是自衛(wèi)武器(The bomb is for self-protection),同時具有威懾效果。在此之后的句子是發(fā)言人舉出的一個例子,用來說明什么是威懾效果。If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in——前半句很好理解:如果有人知道你的房子里有一件核武器。Think twice,思考兩次,與漢語里的“思考再三”類似,表示人猶豫不決,考慮再三無法下定決心,在這里就是指闖入者猶豫不決,始終不敢進入有核武器的房子。這的確可以說是一種威懾效果。符合這個意思的選項是A。
  19. D
  本題問根據(jù)文意,反對私人擁有氫彈的人士非常擔(dān)心什么。
  反對私人擁有氫彈的人士所擔(dān)心的東西很多,但考慮到本題是本篇的倒數(shù)第二道題,而且前面兩個問答中提到的擔(dān)憂均已經(jīng)出過題目,所以這道題的答案肯定會在第二 個問答以后的內(nèi)容中。后面還有兩種擔(dān)憂的問題,個是來不及組裝氫彈,結(jié)合題支可知與本題無關(guān)。第二個(后一段)是窮人買不起氫彈,與題支所述的內(nèi)容 相關(guān)。后一段共2個句子,句指出制造氫彈非常昂貴(very expensive to build one),第二句以句為前提,進一步說明只有富人才買得起氫彈,窮人只能用手槍自衛(wèi)。
  A,這一協(xié)會的影響過大,使特權(quán)較少的人無法抗拒。
  B,缺少教育的每個人將會發(fā)現(xiàn)使用這種武器非常困難。
  C,這種武器的廣泛使用將會大幅度增加生活支出。
  D,這種武器的價格使公民站在了不平等的基礎(chǔ)上。
  可以看到A、B、C的說法在后一段找不到任何類似內(nèi)容。D所說的“價格使公民站在了不平等的基礎(chǔ)上”中,價格應(yīng)該就是指的氫彈的昂貴,使不平等應(yīng)該是說富人買得起而窮人買不起,這符合上面的分析。應(yīng)該選D。
  20. A
  本題問從這篇文章的敘述基調(diào)可知作者如何如何。
  A,對出于安全因素而在家中存放氫彈的必要性表示懷疑。
  B, 對那些投票反對個人擁有氫彈的人存有反感。
  C,對私人擁有氫彈問題并不在乎。
  D,憂心核武器的擴散。
  從 文章內(nèi)容來看,作者實際上自始至終沒有提出自己的觀點,只是引用氫彈協(xié)會與反對者兩方面的意見進行論述,要想從中看出作者的傾向比較困難。但內(nèi)容本身還是 能夠傳達出一些信號供我們分析。首先,在寫作一篇關(guān)于氫彈協(xié)會的文章之始,在寫作方向上可以有很多選擇,如將其做為新生事物做正面介紹——這就暗示作者有 支持氫彈協(xié)會的傾向(如此就可以選B);或者把此事作為新聞事件僅客觀地加以敘述,寫法類似于新聞報道(如此就可以選C)。 但讀完文章后可以發(fā)現(xiàn),作者沒有按照上述的寫法寫作,而是引入很多反對意見,以問答的形式介紹在該事件上的爭論情況,這樣就至少可以判斷出作者的傾向不是 支持氫彈協(xié)會的,否則就不會羅列如此之多的反對意見,來讓讀者了解到私人擁有氫彈的弊端。其次,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)作者羅列的反對意見是非常深入非常尖銳的,尤其是 后兩段,對前面發(fā)言人的觀點做了針鋒相對的反駁,如果作者的態(tài)度是事不關(guān)己,相信不會如此和氫彈協(xié)會的人過不去。因此可以判斷作者的態(tài)度大致是對私人擁 有氫彈表示擔(dān)心的。答案應(yīng)該是A。
  D的說法似乎也對,但應(yīng)該注意D的用詞,nuclear weapons用的是復(fù)數(shù)形式,那么這個詞組就指的是破壞力極強的軍事上使用的核武器,而不是家庭用的氫彈。如果指家庭用氫彈應(yīng)該這么表述:the nuclear weapon,用the特指文章已經(jīng)提到的氫彈,weapon用單數(shù)。

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