歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2004-2006)
- 第1頁:2004.6-Passage Two
- 第2頁:2004.6-Passage Three
- 第3頁:2004.6-PassageFour
- 第4頁:2005.1-Passage One
- 第5頁:2005.1-Passage Two
- 第6頁:2005.1-Passage Three
- 第7頁:2005.1-Passage Four
- 第8頁:2005.6-Passage 1
2005.1
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.
But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.
Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (綜合癥),a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.
There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.
11. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ________.
A) shorten the duration of the illness
B) the patient buy medicine over the counter
C) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs
D) prevent people from catching colds and the flu(A)
12. We learn from the passage that ________.
A) one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu
B) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu
C) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system
D) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu(D)
13. According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ________.
A) one should identify the virus which causes it
B) one should consult a doctor as soon as possible
C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease
D) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading(C)
14. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?
A) A stuffy nose.
B) A high temperature.
C) A sore throat.
D) A dry cough.(B)
15. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ________.
A) are advised not to give them aspirin
B) should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome
C) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination
D) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever(A)
這篇文章講的是應該如何區(qū)別對待感冒和流感。因為文章旨在向普通民眾傳播醫(yī)療知識,所以遣詞造句較為簡易,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰易辨,理解的難度不大。
文章開篇指出兩點,一是感冒與流感有很多相似的癥狀(Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery),二是應當學會區(qū)分感冒和流感(may make a difference)。這兩點也是文章所述內(nèi)容的綱領,后者是論述的側(cè)重點。
第二段引用醫(yī)療權(quán)威ALA的指導原則,指出區(qū)分普通感冒與流感的原因所在:辨別出是哪種疾病后可以立即進行相應的治療。對于流感來說,要馬上把醫(yī)生的藥方付諸實施(prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon);對感冒來說,則要立即服用非處方藥(starts taking over-the-counter remedy)。
接下來的幾段從致病成因、預防手段、癥狀等方面介紹了感冒與流感的區(qū)別。
第三段講述了二者的致病因素,感冒源于二百多種病毒,而流感源于三種病毒。作者附帶講到流感的預防方法:接種疫苗(the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine)。而普通感冒的預防方法則跳到了后一段:frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact,勤洗手,不與感冒病人密切接觸。
四、五、六段介紹了感冒與流感在癥狀上的區(qū)別。第四段只起了承上啟下的作用,第五段詳細講解了二者的區(qū)別。第六段則指出一個特例:嬰幼兒和學齡前兒童的流感癥狀不易辨認。
第七段講的是治療方法,著重說明了治療禁忌:少年兒童不宜服用阿司匹林(should not take aspirin for pain relief)。
11. A
這道題問根據(jù)作者的說法,了解病痛的成因?qū)兄谑裁础?
A,有助于縮短病情延續(xù)的時間。
B,有助于病人購買非處方藥。
C,有助于病人獲得更為便宜的處方藥。
D,有助于預防感冒和流感。
題目中的關鍵信息是cause和help,題的答案無疑應該去段尋找,但鑒于段比較短,可能需要查看第二段的內(nèi)容。
段只有一句話,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有but一詞,可以判斷but前后各為一個完整的句子,二者關系為轉(zhuǎn)折。后半句中出現(xiàn)了cause一詞,要著重理解這半句話的意思。Being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts,這句話的主語是Being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu:如能知道引發(fā)病痛的是感冒還是流感;may make a difference in how long the misery lasts, 可能會使病痛持續(xù)的時間長短有所不同。使病痛持續(xù)時間長短有所不同,到底是指變長還是變短呢?很可能是變短。再看第二段。第二段分別為感冒和流感舉例,指 出及時了解這兩種病痛成因后,可以及早獲得醫(yī)生的處方或及早去購買非處方藥。兩種情況的結(jié)果是一樣的:及早采取正確的治療方法、及早恢復健康(the sooner relief will come)。
第二段澄清了段中的含糊說法,make a difference in how long the misery lasts變?yōu)榱藅he sooner relief will come,A的說法與此一致。
12. D
題目問我們能從文章中獲知什么。
A,一個人如果患上感冒或流感,不需要吃藥。
B,阿司匹林不應作為治療流感的非處方藥。
C,延誤流感治療會損害肝臟和中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。
D,非處方藥可以用來緩解由感冒或流感引起的病痛。
首先看到這是一道推理題,推理題的一般方法是排除法,了解各個選項的內(nèi)容后,到文中去尋找相關的句子,判斷選項的說法是否正確。
A的說法在文中找不到,不過有內(nèi)容可以否定它的說法:第二段第二句話明確說到,如果一個人患上流感應該盡早服用醫(yī)生的處方藥。
和B有關的內(nèi)容在倒數(shù)第二段。這一段首先指出流感和感冒都可以由非處方藥來緩解其癥狀(can be eased with over-the-counter medications),而后又補充說明少年兒童不應服用阿司匹林。首先可以判斷阿司匹林屬于非處方藥,其次可以推理出不是少年兒童的人們可以服用阿司匹林來治療感冒或流感。所以B不對。
C的說法也和倒數(shù)第二段有關。第二段第二句提到少年兒童服用阿司匹林會引發(fā)一種疾?。篟eye syndrome。這種疾病的特點是a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system??梢妼Ω闻K和中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的損害是由服用阿司匹林引起的,而不是延誤治療引起的。
D的說法恰好符合倒數(shù)第二段句話表達的意思。
13. C
題目問根據(jù)文中所述,要想有效對抗流感,應該……
A,首先確定是由哪種病毒引起的。
B,應該盡快咨詢醫(yī)生。
C,感染流感后應該立即服藥。
D,流感傳播期間,應該保持警惕。
四個選項在文章中都可以找到相關的內(nèi)容。
A,文中第二段句話指出要對抗感冒和流感,其中關鍵一點是能夠迅速把二者區(qū)分開來。而后第三段分析了導致流感和感冒的病毒的不同之處,這也是A說法的著落點。但根據(jù)第四段的描述可以知道,通常辨別流感和感冒的方法不是通過病毒,而是從癥狀上進行區(qū)分。所以A的說法不對。
第二段第二句話說明了為什么需要迅速把感冒和流感區(qū)分開來——因為患上流感后需要立即服用處方藥,這是C說法的著落點。另外,處方藥必然是由醫(yī)生開出的,要想立即服用處方藥,必須首先咨詢醫(yī)生,這勉強算是B說法的一個著落點。但這一說法沒有在文中直接給出,而C是直接給出的,所以相對來說,C比B更接近答案。另外從邏輯角度分析,能夠直接對抗疾病的應該是藥物,而不是咨詢醫(yī)生,在咨詢醫(yī)生后,也終要落實到服藥上來。
另外B說法的一個比較明顯的著落點是在倒數(shù)第三段:It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms,這里的意思是說,在不能判斷孩子的癥狀為流感還是感冒時,應該向醫(yī)生咨詢??梢娮稍冡t(yī)生的目的是分辨流感和感冒,和有效對抗流感尚有一 段距離,至少不如服藥更為合適。
后一段講到預防感冒的好方法是勤洗手和不與病人密切接觸,這應該是D所謂的remain alert的實際做法。但這種方法是用來預防感冒,而不是流感。所以D不對。
14. B
題目問下列哪種癥狀可以區(qū)分流感和感冒。
A,鼻塞。
B,高燒。
C,喉嚨酸痛。
D,干咳。
對流感和感冒癥狀的分析是在第五段。句話首先介紹了感冒的癥狀,其中包括鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉嚨癢等等,而后指出感冒癥狀中通常沒有發(fā)燒(do not get a fever)。第二句話指出流感的典型特點之一是發(fā)燒(fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu)。從一二句的對比可以看出,發(fā)燒與否是區(qū)別流感和感冒的關鍵因素。本題選擇B。
15. A
題目問兒童出現(xiàn)了疑似流感的癥狀,父母們?nèi)绾稳绾巍?
A,建議不要給孩子服用阿司匹林。
B,應該注意觀察有沒有Reye綜合癥的跡象。
C,鼓勵父母們帶孩子去醫(yī)院接受疫苗注射。
D,應該防止使他們和發(fā)燒人群接觸。
這道題出現(xiàn)了一條關鍵信息,也就是children。文章提到children是在倒數(shù)第二、三段,倒數(shù)第三段講到兒童癥狀不易區(qū)分是感冒和流感,應該向醫(yī)生咨詢。倒數(shù)第二段講到兒童不應服用阿司匹林來緩解感冒或流感癥狀,否則會導致Reye綜合癥。
A的說法符合倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容,是正確的。
B提到了Reye綜合癥,但理解children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrom這句話后,可以明白這種綜合癥是服用阿司匹林的后果,父母們要注意的是不給孩子服用阿司匹林,而不是等著去觀察綜合癥的癥狀。
至于C,文章第三段提到了疫苗:the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine。從這句話可知疫苗是用來預防(prevented)流感的,而題目所要求的是兒童出現(xiàn)了癥狀以后如何如何,所以C的說法和題意不符。
D所稱的“和發(fā)燒人群接觸”應該和后一段的內(nèi)容有關,如后一段提到的avoiding close contact with people who have colds。不過這一段開頭一句已經(jīng)說明本段討論的感冒問題,而不是流感,所以不符合題意。
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