歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2004-2006)
- 第1頁:2004.6-Passage Two
- 第2頁:2004.6-Passage Three
- 第3頁:2004.6-PassageFour
- 第4頁:2005.1-Passage One
- 第5頁:2005.1-Passage Two
- 第6頁:2005.1-Passage Three
- 第7頁:2005.1-Passage Four
- 第8頁:2005.6-Passage 1
2006.6.17
Passage one
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (長久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.
Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.
When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.
● “Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of ‘cross-border’ job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not bean adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.”
● Pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your ‘oldest’ work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.”
● If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as ‘tertiary education’ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.
21. Companies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.
A) they find foreign employees are usually more talented
B) they need original ideas from employees hired overseas
C) they want to expand their business beyond home borders
D) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home(D)
22. The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.
A) is usually creative and full of initiative
B) aims to improve his foreign language skills
C) is dissatisfied with his own life at home
D) seeks either his own or his children’s development(D)
23. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.
A) take cultural factors into consideration
B) learn about the company’s hiring process
C) follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting
D) know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes(A)
24. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.
A) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker
B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home
C) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences
D) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a ‘cross-border’ career(C)
25. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of ________.
A) the different educational systems in the US and the UK
B) the differences between the varieties of English
C) the recipient’s preference with regard to the format
D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures(B)
這是一篇以跨國求職為說明對象的說明文章。開頭首先敘述一點事實:近年來跨國求職現象猛增(soared in recent years),由此引出文章說明的中心。這一段只有一個句子,后半部分實際上是個省略了which的非限制性定語從句,完整形式應是which is enhanced by ……那么enhance(加強)的對象就是interest。由此,后半句的意義可以理解為“這種尋找國際工作的興趣又被……加強了”。
隨后的第二段簡要介紹了求職者進行跨國求職的幾點原因:嘗試新挑戰(recharge their batteries with a new challenge,以新的挑戰來為他們的電池充電。這是一種比喻說法。),激發創造性(encourages creativity and initiative),使孩子接觸其他文化、學外國語言(expose their children to another culture,learn a second language)。
介紹完原因之后,作者開始詳細講解跨國求職的主要工序:寫簡歷;并指出跨國求職簡歷的難點:embrace two or more cultures in one document,包容照顧兩種以上的文化。
后的三段是作者針對如何解決這一難點提出的建議:
對教育水平的說明要詳細具體(details about your studies and any related experience)。
依據不同國家的慣常,來確定簡歷的格式(按時間由遠及近Chronological order,或由近及遠Reverse-chronological)。
若對方母語為英語,則要注意區別英式英語和美式英語(find out if the recipient uses British English or American English)。
21. D
題目問公司雇傭越來越多的外國員工的原因是什么。
文章段稱跨國求職因“chronic personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent”而更加火熱。chronic personnel shortages是長期人事短缺的意思,后面的that替代shortages,句子可以轉換為personnel shortages are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent,意思是人事短缺正在迫使公司跨越國界需要人才。可見公司雇傭越來越多的外國員工的原因是長期人事短缺。
A,他們發現外國員工通常更具才華。
B,他們需要海外員工的新穎思維。
C,他們想把業務拓展到國外。
D,他們在國內發掘合格人才較為困難。
只有D符合文意。
22. D
題目問作者認為一個人申請海外職位如何如何。
文章段只有一句話,講的是跨國求職猛增的事實,這里題目問的必然是海外求職的細節問題,段不會提供答案,應該去第二段尋找相應內容。第二段從求職者的角度介紹了海外求職的幾點原因。此題可以結合選項使用排除法。
A,海外求職者往往創造性強、充滿進取心。這句話是不對的,句中提到creative和initiative是在第二段作者指出求職火熱的第二個原因之時:They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative。這句話的意思是他們需要一個職位,這個職位with more responsibility,即需要承擔更多的責任,that 指代responsibility,encourages creativity and initiative——激發創造力和進取心。從這句話可知海外求職者認為為外國公司工作可以激發自己的創造性和進取心,而不是像A所說的海外求職者往往創造性強、充滿進取心。
B,海外求職的目的是提高自己的外語水平。第二段后一句話講到了提高外語水平:they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language。opportunity to learn a second language即是學習第二語言的機會。但這里的“機會”應該與前文的“to”連接,完整句子是they may wish to expose their children to the opportunity to learn a second language,他們希望帶給孩子學習外語的機會。可見學習外語的孩子而不是求職者。
C,海外求職者對在國內的生活不滿。文中找不到類似的描述,只有第二個理由(more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative)似乎有點聯系,但從這里只能推斷國外有些職位比目前工作更需要創造性,略欠創造性的工作不一定就會引起對生活的不滿。
D,期望個人或孩子的發展。從作者給出的三個原因來看,個是為自己充電,第二個是尋找激勵自己的機會,第三個是讓孩子接觸外國文化,學習外語。前兩個原因屬于個人發展,第三個原因屬于孩子的發展,正好與D的表述一致。
23. A
題目問在進行簡歷寫作時,是……
文章第三段提出了一個海外求職者簡歷寫作的難題:guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing,意思是準備簡歷的指導原則總是不同的。而后作者給出了解決辦法:find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision,即簡歷要照顧到公司文化、國家文化以及有聘用決定權的人的文化。
A,把文化因素考慮進去。這一說法與文意恰好吻合。
B,了解公司聘用程序。文中沒有介紹這一方面的內容。
C,遵循合適的求職指導。文中提到了求職指導(guidelines for preparing a resume),但有關的描述恰恰是說求職指導的不可靠性(constantly changing),也就是說跨國求職不宜遵循慣常的求職指導,與C的說法相反。
D,了解雇主的個人好惡。文中說到海外求職簡歷要顧及有聘用決定權的人的文化(the culture of the person making the hiring decision)。文化所涵蓋的范疇是比較廣泛的,不能僅用好惡來概述,D的說法以偏概全。
24. C
題目問有關任職資格的撰寫問題,求職者得到了什么建議。
A,突出他們的教育潛力,以打動招聘負責人。
B,告知其在國內所獲的大學學歷文憑。
C,提供學習、工作經歷的詳細描述。
D,表現出對跨國工作的強烈興趣。
在后三段作者提供的簡歷寫作建議中,個段落寫的是學歷問題,第二個段落寫的是履歷的時間順序問題,第三個段落寫的是英式英語與美式英語的區別問題。題 目問的是任職資格,那么其答案應該在個段落中。個段落一共三句話,句說明各國對教育水平的要求不同,由于這個原因,作者接下來指出just stating the title of your degree will not bean adequate description,即僅僅寫出獲得了什么文憑是不夠的。這樣B的說法就不對了。第三句話給出了作者的建議:Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience,即詳細列出你的學習和任何相關經歷。這與C的說法吻合。而A和D的說法在文中都找不到。
25. B
題目問根據作者的后一條建議,求職者應該意識到……
A,美國和英國的不同教育系統。
B,不同英語之間的區別。
C,簡歷接收者對格式的喜好。
D,與英國文化各自的特點。
后一條建議是這樣的:If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as ‘tertiary education’ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.
直譯為:如果你要提交的簡歷是英文的,應該弄清收件人說的是英式英語還是美式英語,因為這二者之間存在不同的地方。比如大學教育在英國被成為tertiary education,而在美國從來沒有用過這個詞組。讀簡歷者如果不熟悉此類區別,將會認為你的簡歷存在錯誤。
這段話比較簡易,不難理解,講的是兩種英語的區別可能會讓讀簡歷者產生誤解。A的說法是生造出來的,在文中沒有論及教育系統的區別。B的說法與文章的意思一致。C說的格式問題是第二條建議的內容,不能張冠李戴給第三條建議。D所說的文化特點過于寬泛,雖然語言也屬于文化,但不能以語言來概括文化。另外,值得一提的是,英式英語不見得就代表了英國英語,在澳大利亞、加拿大以及其他很多國家,人們講的同樣是英式英語。把英式英語等同于英國英語是不對的。
Passage one
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (長久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.
Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.
When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.
● “Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of ‘cross-border’ job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not bean adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.”
● Pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your ‘oldest’ work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.”
● If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as ‘tertiary education’ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.
21. Companies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.
A) they find foreign employees are usually more talented
B) they need original ideas from employees hired overseas
C) they want to expand their business beyond home borders
D) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home(D)
22. The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.
A) is usually creative and full of initiative
B) aims to improve his foreign language skills
C) is dissatisfied with his own life at home
D) seeks either his own or his children’s development(D)
23. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.
A) take cultural factors into consideration
B) learn about the company’s hiring process
C) follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting
D) know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes(A)
24. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.
A) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker
B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home
C) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences
D) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a ‘cross-border’ career(C)
25. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of ________.
A) the different educational systems in the US and the UK
B) the differences between the varieties of English
C) the recipient’s preference with regard to the format
D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures(B)
這是一篇以跨國求職為說明對象的說明文章。開頭首先敘述一點事實:近年來跨國求職現象猛增(soared in recent years),由此引出文章說明的中心。這一段只有一個句子,后半部分實際上是個省略了which的非限制性定語從句,完整形式應是which is enhanced by ……那么enhance(加強)的對象就是interest。由此,后半句的意義可以理解為“這種尋找國際工作的興趣又被……加強了”。
隨后的第二段簡要介紹了求職者進行跨國求職的幾點原因:嘗試新挑戰(recharge their batteries with a new challenge,以新的挑戰來為他們的電池充電。這是一種比喻說法。),激發創造性(encourages creativity and initiative),使孩子接觸其他文化、學外國語言(expose their children to another culture,learn a second language)。
介紹完原因之后,作者開始詳細講解跨國求職的主要工序:寫簡歷;并指出跨國求職簡歷的難點:embrace two or more cultures in one document,包容照顧兩種以上的文化。
后的三段是作者針對如何解決這一難點提出的建議:
對教育水平的說明要詳細具體(details about your studies and any related experience)。
依據不同國家的慣常,來確定簡歷的格式(按時間由遠及近Chronological order,或由近及遠Reverse-chronological)。
若對方母語為英語,則要注意區別英式英語和美式英語(find out if the recipient uses British English or American English)。
21. D
題目問公司雇傭越來越多的外國員工的原因是什么。
文章段稱跨國求職因“chronic personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent”而更加火熱。chronic personnel shortages是長期人事短缺的意思,后面的that替代shortages,句子可以轉換為personnel shortages are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent,意思是人事短缺正在迫使公司跨越國界需要人才。可見公司雇傭越來越多的外國員工的原因是長期人事短缺。
A,他們發現外國員工通常更具才華。
B,他們需要海外員工的新穎思維。
C,他們想把業務拓展到國外。
D,他們在國內發掘合格人才較為困難。
只有D符合文意。
22. D
題目問作者認為一個人申請海外職位如何如何。
文章段只有一句話,講的是跨國求職猛增的事實,這里題目問的必然是海外求職的細節問題,段不會提供答案,應該去第二段尋找相應內容。第二段從求職者的角度介紹了海外求職的幾點原因。此題可以結合選項使用排除法。
A,海外求職者往往創造性強、充滿進取心。這句話是不對的,句中提到creative和initiative是在第二段作者指出求職火熱的第二個原因之時:They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative。這句話的意思是他們需要一個職位,這個職位with more responsibility,即需要承擔更多的責任,that 指代responsibility,encourages creativity and initiative——激發創造力和進取心。從這句話可知海外求職者認為為外國公司工作可以激發自己的創造性和進取心,而不是像A所說的海外求職者往往創造性強、充滿進取心。
B,海外求職的目的是提高自己的外語水平。第二段后一句話講到了提高外語水平:they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language。opportunity to learn a second language即是學習第二語言的機會。但這里的“機會”應該與前文的“to”連接,完整句子是they may wish to expose their children to the opportunity to learn a second language,他們希望帶給孩子學習外語的機會。可見學習外語的孩子而不是求職者。
C,海外求職者對在國內的生活不滿。文中找不到類似的描述,只有第二個理由(more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative)似乎有點聯系,但從這里只能推斷國外有些職位比目前工作更需要創造性,略欠創造性的工作不一定就會引起對生活的不滿。
D,期望個人或孩子的發展。從作者給出的三個原因來看,個是為自己充電,第二個是尋找激勵自己的機會,第三個是讓孩子接觸外國文化,學習外語。前兩個原因屬于個人發展,第三個原因屬于孩子的發展,正好與D的表述一致。
23. A
題目問在進行簡歷寫作時,是……
文章第三段提出了一個海外求職者簡歷寫作的難題:guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing,意思是準備簡歷的指導原則總是不同的。而后作者給出了解決辦法:find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision,即簡歷要照顧到公司文化、國家文化以及有聘用決定權的人的文化。
A,把文化因素考慮進去。這一說法與文意恰好吻合。
B,了解公司聘用程序。文中沒有介紹這一方面的內容。
C,遵循合適的求職指導。文中提到了求職指導(guidelines for preparing a resume),但有關的描述恰恰是說求職指導的不可靠性(constantly changing),也就是說跨國求職不宜遵循慣常的求職指導,與C的說法相反。
D,了解雇主的個人好惡。文中說到海外求職簡歷要顧及有聘用決定權的人的文化(the culture of the person making the hiring decision)。文化所涵蓋的范疇是比較廣泛的,不能僅用好惡來概述,D的說法以偏概全。
24. C
題目問有關任職資格的撰寫問題,求職者得到了什么建議。
A,突出他們的教育潛力,以打動招聘負責人。
B,告知其在國內所獲的大學學歷文憑。
C,提供學習、工作經歷的詳細描述。
D,表現出對跨國工作的強烈興趣。
在后三段作者提供的簡歷寫作建議中,個段落寫的是學歷問題,第二個段落寫的是履歷的時間順序問題,第三個段落寫的是英式英語與美式英語的區別問題。題 目問的是任職資格,那么其答案應該在個段落中。個段落一共三句話,句說明各國對教育水平的要求不同,由于這個原因,作者接下來指出just stating the title of your degree will not bean adequate description,即僅僅寫出獲得了什么文憑是不夠的。這樣B的說法就不對了。第三句話給出了作者的建議:Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience,即詳細列出你的學習和任何相關經歷。這與C的說法吻合。而A和D的說法在文中都找不到。
25. B
題目問根據作者的后一條建議,求職者應該意識到……
A,美國和英國的不同教育系統。
B,不同英語之間的區別。
C,簡歷接收者對格式的喜好。
D,與英國文化各自的特點。
后一條建議是這樣的:If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as ‘tertiary education’ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.
直譯為:如果你要提交的簡歷是英文的,應該弄清收件人說的是英式英語還是美式英語,因為這二者之間存在不同的地方。比如大學教育在英國被成為tertiary education,而在美國從來沒有用過這個詞組。讀簡歷者如果不熟悉此類區別,將會認為你的簡歷存在錯誤。
這段話比較簡易,不難理解,講的是兩種英語的區別可能會讓讀簡歷者產生誤解。A的說法是生造出來的,在文中沒有論及教育系統的區別。B的說法與文章的意思一致。C說的格式問題是第二條建議的內容,不能張冠李戴給第三條建議。D所說的文化特點過于寬泛,雖然語言也屬于文化,但不能以語言來概括文化。另外,值得一提的是,英式英語不見得就代表了英國英語,在澳大利亞、加拿大以及其他很多國家,人們講的同樣是英式英語。把英式英語等同于英國英語是不對的。
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