2019 年英語（二）考研真題

Section I

Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.    1    ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it    2    .

As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing    3    on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of    4    the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to    5    my goals.

I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate    6    of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight    7    altering your training program. The most    8    changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.

For these    9   , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly

weighing schedule    10    . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to    11    my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and    12    any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to    13    my training program.

I use my bimonthly weigh-in    14    to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly    15    and dropping weight, this is a    16    that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.

The    17    to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a    18    morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,    19    I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.

Rather than    20    over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.

1. [A] Besides   [B] Therefore   [C] Otherwise   [D] However

2. [A] helps   [B] cares   [C] warns   [D] reduces

3. [A] initially   [B] solely   [C] occasionally   [D] formally

4. [A] recording   [B] lowering   [C] explaining   [D] accepting

5. [A] modify   [B] set   [C] review   [D] reach

6. [A] definition   [B] depiction   [C] distribution   [D] prediction

7. [A] due to   [B] regardless of   [C] aside from   [D] along with

8. [A] orderly   [B] rigid   [C] precise   [D] immediate

9. [A] claims   [B] judgments   [C] reasons   [D] methods

10. [A] instead   [B] though   [C] again   [D] indeed

11. [A] report   [B] track   [C] overlook   [D] conceal

12. [A] depend on   [B] approve of   [C] hold onto   [D] account for

13. [A] prepare   [B] share   [C] adjust   [D] confirm

14. [A] results   [B] features   [C] rules   [D] tests

15. [A] bored   [B] anxious   [C] hungry   [D] sick

16. [A] principle   [B] secret   [C] belief   [D] sign

17. [A] request   [B] necessity   [C] decision   [D] wish

18. [A] disappointing   [B] surprising   [C] restricting   [D] consuming

19. [A] because   [B] unless   [C] until   [D] if

20. [A] obsessing   [B] dominating   [C] puzzling   [D] triumphing 

【參考答案】

1~10    DABBD  BADCA

11~20  BDCAC  DCABA

Section II

Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.

In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.

And quilt , by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.

Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychology professor at the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.

In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones share more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.

“That’s good news,” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”

21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.

A. regulate a child’s basic emotions

B. improve a child’s intellectual ability

C. foster a child’s moral development

D. intensify a child’s positive feelings

22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _______.

A. deceptive

B. burdensome

C. addictive

D. inexcusable

23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.

A. emotions are context-independent

B. emotions are socially constructive

C. emotional stability can benefit health

D. an emotion can play opposing roles

24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.

A. may help correct emotional deficiencies

B. can result from either sympathy or guilt

C. can bring about emotional satisfaction

D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts

25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _______.

A. teachings

B. discussions

C. restrictions

D. Wrongdoings

【參考答案】ADBDB