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歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)

  Passage Three
  Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
  New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.
  Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.
  Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).
  Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.
  English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal
  The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and cam have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.
  21. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?
  A) Critical.
  B) Prejudiced.
  C) Indifferent.
  D) Positive.(D)
  22. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople ________.
  A) have to get familiar with modern technology
  B) are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations
  C) are attaching more importance to their overseas business
  D) are eager to work overseas(C)
  23. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means ________.
  A) being unable to think properly for lack of insight
  B) being totally out of touch with business at home
  C) missing opportunities for promotion when abroad
  D) leaving all care and worry behind(C)
  24. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?
  A) Connections with businesses overseas.
  B) Ability to speak the client’s language.
  C) Technical know-how.
  D) Business experience.(B)
  25. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can ________.
  A) better control the whole negotiation process
  B) easily find new approaches to meet market needs
  C) fast-forward their proposals to headquarters
  D) easily make friends with businesspeople abroad(A)
  這篇材料的核心內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是外語能力在國際商業(yè)中的作用,不過因為出題篇幅有限,出題者只選取了原材料的六個段落,在這些段落中,對“外語能力在國際商業(yè)中的 作用”的論述并沒有完全展開,論述的重心落在了中心論題的前提條件——如國際商業(yè)的重要性和易行性上,僅僅在后兩段提到了外語能力的作用。
  文章段是一個概括性的段落,先是概述中心論題的條件:新技術(shù)所帶來的交流方式如傳真、電話、衛(wèi)星等使地球變小(countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link);而后簡單點出了論點:外語能力使我們更加受益于高技術(shù)(is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills)。
  段沒有說明外語能力為什么會使我們更加受益于高技術(shù),或者說使我們在哪些方面受益,二、三、四段回答了這個問題。
  第二段指出,一些現(xiàn)代商業(yè)人士與這些新技術(shù)密 切相關(guān),他們對跨國商業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值十分看重。現(xiàn)代市場中,海外市場的成功往往會對國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)起到很好的支撐作用。這一段沒有提到新技術(shù),與外語能力也無關(guān) 系,但恰好就是這二者間的聯(lián)系點,也就是外語能力在什么情況下受益于高技術(shù)。下一段對此進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論述。
  海外項目對經(jīng)理們升職的重要性越來越強(qiáng)(advancement within executive ranks,表面意思是在執(zhí)行職位頭銜中的前進(jìn),也就是從低層經(jīng)理職位向高層上升的意思)。駐外經(jīng)理們已經(jīng)沒有后顧之憂(out of sight,應(yīng)該指的是不入高層管理人士的法眼、進(jìn)而得到升職機(jī)會的意思),海外業(yè)務(wù)往往成為公司成功機(jī)會的核心,某位經(jīng)理若被分配了海外業(yè)務(wù),那么可能就直接意味著升職機(jī)會(that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad)。而如果這位經(jīng)理成功地完成一項難度很高的海外業(yè)務(wù),那么高層人士對他或她必然另眼相看,對其成功處理美國國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)的能力信心大增(superiors will have greater confidence)。Where引導(dǎo)的從句實際上是海外業(yè)務(wù)成功所必備的素質(zhì):跨文化思考問題的能力和外語能力。這就把外語能力和海外業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系起來了。
  下一段則開始把海外業(yè)務(wù)也和新技術(shù)聯(lián)系起來。因為用于商業(yè)的信息交流設(shè)備的廉價,商業(yè)企業(yè)可以普遍地進(jìn)入國際市場(even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets)。
  三方關(guān)系終于理順,接下來就可以正式論述外語能力的重要性了。英語依然是國際商業(yè)通用語言,但講外語的需求正在增長。外語能力并不是商業(yè)領(lǐng)域求職必備的能力,但在各個求職者水平相當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下就會顯現(xiàn)出優(yōu)勢(edge通常是“邊緣”,在這里是“優(yōu)勢”的意思)。
  上一段講的是求職,那么對于在職者有何好處呢?國外駐職者(employee posted abroad):加速談判進(jìn)程,并知道何時應(yīng)該減慢速度。國內(nèi)工作者(employee at the home office):能與國外客戶通過電話、傳真交流,這對公司來說是一筆財富。
  21. D
  這道題問作者對高技術(shù)交流設(shè)備采取何種態(tài)度。
  A,批評的態(tài)度。
  B,持有偏見。
  C,無所謂。
  D,積極的態(tài)度。
  這道題比較簡單,從文中的敘述來看,沒有出現(xiàn)對高技術(shù)交流設(shè)備的反面論述,基本全部論述其積極影響,如開頭的our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment,這里所用的benefit已經(jīng)直接表明我們會從這種設(shè)備中受益。二三四段講的是較高的外語能力使我們?nèi)绾问芤嬗诟呒夹g(shù),依然是受益。所以,本文作者對高技術(shù)交流設(shè)備的態(tài)度是積極肯定的。四個選項中前三個都具有否定意義,D的說法為準(zhǔn)確。
  22. C
  本題問隨著高技術(shù)交流設(shè)備更多地得到使用,商業(yè)人士……
  A,必須熟悉現(xiàn)代技術(shù)。
  B,通過國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)賺取更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。
  C,更加重視海外業(yè)務(wù)。
  D,渴望到海外工作。
  文章首次提到business people是在第二段,稱他們have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad,意思是對海外業(yè)務(wù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值的認(rèn)可正在增加。
  第三段的內(nèi)容中心依然和business people有關(guān),大意是海外業(yè)務(wù)對business people的升職非常有利。此后的內(nèi)容與business people的關(guān)系就不再緊密了,可以認(rèn)為本題的答案就在第二和第三段中。
  A的說法有一定道理,但在文中沒有直接提到,所以不能算貼切,還應(yīng)該繼續(xù)看BCD有無更為貼切的說法。B的說法與文章的論述正好相反,應(yīng)該是海外業(yè)務(wù)正給他們帶來更多收益。
  C的說法為合理,因為第二段已經(jīng)說明business people認(rèn)可了海外業(yè)務(wù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值,第三段認(rèn)可了海外業(yè)務(wù)所能帶來的仕途價值,這兩點共同說明business people對海外業(yè)務(wù)的重視。
  D的說法也有一定道理,但和A一樣,該說法在文中沒有直接的落腳點,相對C來說還不夠貼切。
  23. C
  題目問文章中out of sight and out of mind一句很可能是什么意思。
  A,因缺少洞察力而不能正確地思考。
  B,與國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)完全無關(guān)。
  C,任職國外時失去升職的機(jī)會。
  D,完全置之度外。
  這種考查短語或單詞意思的題需要結(jié)合上下文思考,需要參考的上下文一般前后各一兩句即可。前一句是Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks,句意較好理解,意思是海外職務(wù)對于管理人員的升職越來越重要了。這一句是第三段的首句,可能具有總領(lǐng)全句的作用,所以初步判斷本題所問可能和升職有關(guān)。該短語所在句的意思是駐守外國的管理人員無需再擔(dān)心out of sight and out of mind。之后的一句是He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad,大意是海外業(yè)務(wù)對公司的成功是至關(guān)重要的,而海外任職往往意味著一次升職機(jī)會。
  從上下文大意來看,確實是在講述海外任職和職位升遷的關(guān)系。文中的觀點是海外任職有助于職位提升,那么out of sight可能就是指自己的業(yè)績不入領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的視野,out of mind就是指有了升職機(jī)會時,海外高管從來不在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的考慮之列。符合這個意思的是C。
  24. B
  題目問根據(jù)文中所述,如今的跨國公司在雇傭員工時把什么條件作為一項重要的考慮。
  A,與海外業(yè)務(wù)的聯(lián)系。
  B,會講客戶的語言。
  C,技術(shù)知識。
  D,商務(wù)經(jīng)驗。
  縱觀這四個選項,似乎都有些道理,不過只能有一個是和原文聯(lián)系緊密的。因為上一題已經(jīng)考查過第三段,所以與本題相關(guān)的內(nèi)容必定在第三段之后。
  第四段講的是便宜的通訊設(shè)備降低了國際業(yè)務(wù)的門檻,使小企業(yè)也能參與國際業(yè)務(wù)。這里沒有講述任何有關(guān)員工的問題,所以答案不在第四段。
  第五段開頭先講到英語作為國際通用語的重要作用,但馬上話鋒一轉(zhuǎn),指出會講客戶的語言越來越受到重視。此后則直截了當(dāng)?shù)乇硎菊Z言技能會增加應(yīng)聘者被聘用的機(jī)會:having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal,這里的edge就是指的優(yōu)勢。
  看到這里應(yīng)該可以為本題做出解答了,B是正確選項。
  25. A
  題目問具備外語技能的員工具有一定的優(yōu)勢,這些優(yōu)勢是指什么。
  A,能夠更好地控制整個談判的進(jìn)程。
  B,容易發(fā)現(xiàn)滿足市場需求的新途徑。
  C,能使他們的建議很快地送達(dá)總部。
  D,容易和國外商務(wù)人士結(jié)交朋友。
  全文還有后一段沒有考查,從四個題支來看,本題不是考查對全篇的理解,則必然在考查后一段。
  后一段共兩句話,第二句是對具備外語能力的員工的價值的評述:asset
  to the firm(非常有用的資產(chǎn)),這一句應(yīng)該和本題無關(guān)。解答本題關(guān)鍵要看句話。這句話的主語非常長:The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language,意思是能夠說當(dāng)?shù)卣Z言的海外員工。下文對這樣的員工有兩點描述,一是有機(jī)會把某些談判快速推進(jìn)(has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations),二是具有文化洞察力,知道何時該把談判放慢(can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly)。這兩點都是和談判有關(guān),一快一慢,也就是如何把握談判的節(jié)奏。
  四個選項中A的意思與此為接近。C有一點迷惑性,因為原文中也出現(xiàn)了fast-forward一詞,不過原文賓語是“談判”,說海外雇員和總部談判顯然是不對的。

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