公交车短裙挺进太深了h女友,国产亚洲精品久久777777,亚洲成色www久久网站夜月,日韩人妻无码精品一区二区三区

233??У- ????????????

????
您現在的位置:233網校 >> 英語四級考試 >> 閱讀 >> 閱讀真題 >> 文章內容

歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)

  2002.6
  Passage One
  Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
  In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
  By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
  But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (處方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
  The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.
  21. The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us ________.
  A) the way you handle major events may cause stress
  B) what should be done to avoid stress
  C) what kind of event would cause stress
  D) how to cope with sudden changes in life(C)
  22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ________.
  A) widespread concern over its harmful effects
  B) great panic over the mental disorder it could cause
  C) an intensive research into stress-related illnesses
  D) popular avoidance of stressful jobs(A)
  23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________.
  A) how much pressure you are under
  B) how positive events can change your life
  C) how stressful a major event can be
  D) how you can deal with life-changing events(A)
  24. Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?
  A) No one can stay on the same job for long.
  B) No prescription is effective in relieving stress.
  C) People have to get married someday.
  D) You could be missing opportunities as well.(D)
  25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ________.
  A) nervous when faced with difficulties
  B) physically and mentally strained
  C) more capable of coping with adversity
  D) indifferent toward what happens to them(C)
  這篇材料講了一個壓力對人是否有害的問題。文章從六十年代一項有關壓力的醫學研究講起,稱研究的結果是any major change can be stressful(任何大的變遷都會引起壓力)。文章隨后對這個結論做了解釋,稱這種大的變遷可以是消極事件,如家人患重病(Negative events like “serious illness of a family member”),但也可以是積極事件,如結婚等(positive life-changing events, like marriag)。作者由此分析了這項研究的特點,其所涉及的不是如何應對壓力,而是壓力的多少問題(it only shows how much you have to deal with)。段的后一句具有承上啟下的作用,作者說我們現在知道,處理壓力事件的方式會極大地影響人的健康程度(the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy),暗示后文要對如何應對壓力展開論述。
   第二段前兩句講到,七十年代初,類似的研究大量出現,并受到了人們廣泛的關注。這可以說是促成了“如何應對壓力”這一問題的答案的產生。一家雜志稱 壓力會引發疾病,保持身心健康的方法就是避開壓力事件(If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy avoid stressful events)。
   這家雜志的兩個觀點在作者看來并不正確,作者在后面的兩段里對雜志的觀點進行了反駁。第三段首先反駁的是“保持身心健康的方法就是避開壓力事件”這 一觀點。首先,許多壓力事件無法避免,比如所愛之人的去世(like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid)。第二,回避壓力事件的確會消除困擾,但同時也失去了相應的機會(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble)。比如,一個人如果想徹底和壓力絕緣,那他就失去了結婚、生子、轉職、搬遷的機會。
   后一段反駁了“壓力會引發疾病”的觀點。首先,這一觀點預設了一個前提,即我們在逆境面前都是不堪一擊的(we’re all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity),這就忽視了人類的能動性和創造性。事實上,人們在成功應對壓力之后,往往會增強身心的活力(Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before)。第二,長時期的一成不變、回避挑戰,也會使人產生厭倦感,導致身心損傷(can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain)。
  21. C
  題目問Holmes-Rahe的醫學研究結果告訴我們什么。
  文章對這一研究的說明是在段,本題又是題,所以答案應該在段就可找到。
  A,你處理重要事件的方式可能會引發壓力。這一選項應該與段后一句有關:And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy,因為這里也出現了“方式”(way)問題。需要注意的是這一句出現了now一詞,表示that引導的觀點是如今的想法,而不是六十年的醫學研究的成果。
  B,為避免壓力應如何去做。縱觀段,沒有出現避免壓力的內容。
  C,何種事件會引發壓力。段句話指出這項研究的結果是一張壓力事件的清單,言下之意也就是什么事件會引發壓力。那么到底什么樣的事件會引發壓力呢?第二句給出答案:any major change can be stressful,任何大的事件。由此可見,該項研究的結果恰好告訴了我們C所說的內容。
  D,如何應對人生中的劇烈變化。文中說得很清楚:——does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with,該研究反映的不是如何應對壓力,而是要應對多少壓力。  
  22. A
  文章提到七十年代的研究是在第二段。句指出相似研究廣泛開展。第二句說明了這些研究的影響:millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports,這一句和A的表述基本一致。Millions與widespread對應,worried 和concern對應,不同的是原文沒有說明壓力是否存在有害影響。Harmful effects的著落在后文可以找到:Stress causes illness,壓力會引發疾病。這樣的話,A的說法與文章所述完全一致,應該選擇A。
  B所說的panic(恐慌)與文中的worry(擔憂)詞意相距較遠;另外,文中mentally healthy是籠統說法,精神疾病不見得就是mental disorder(精神紊亂)。
  C說法在文中沒有提到。
  第二段后一句出現了avoid stressful events,但這是雜志的一項建議,該建議是否被人們廣泛采納在文中沒有說明,不能憑空推理。因此D不對。
  23. A
  題目問Holmes-Rahe測試的分數說明什么。
  A,你承受了多少壓力。
  B,積極事件會在多大程度上改變你的生活。
  C,一個重要事件可以帶來多大的壓力。
  D,你可以如何來應對那些改變生活的事件。
  注意段When you take theHolmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with這句,這句話意思很容易理解:當你參加這項測試時,你必須記住,分數并不反映你如何應對壓力,它僅僅顯示出你要應對多少壓力。這句話與題目相關性 很強,出現了score(分數)一詞,可以說是題目的直接答案。A的說法與此一致,應該選A;D的說法正好是該句所否定的,直接排除。B提到的積極事件是 作者舉出的一個例子,用來說明無論積極事件還是消極事件都會給人帶來巨大壓力。文章并沒有論述積極事件改變生活的程度。C有一定的迷惑性,原因就是對原文 中how much的理解容易出現偏差,一不小心就會理解成“多大”而不是“多少”。文中pressure是不可數名詞,表示它的多少用how much。之所以不能理解為“多大”,是因為第二句和第三句已經說明了測試的結果:所有大事件都可以帶來壓力——這實際上說的就是壓力的多少而不是多大。
  24. D
  題目問such simplistic advice(如此簡單的建議)為何不可能采納。
  A,沒有人可以在同一份工作上干很長時間。
  B,在緩解壓力的問題上沒有有效的藥方。
  C,人們總會在某一天結婚。
  D,同時你也會失去機會。
  such simplistic advice is impossible to follow是第三段的總起句,起著概括第三段段意的作用。其后的三句話表達了兩條論據來支持總起句。條是許多壓力事件是根本無法避免的(如the death of a loved one)。第二條是回避壓力的同時也錯失了機會(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble),第三句話為第二條舉了具體的例子,即一個害怕壓力的人恐怕就不要結婚生子、跳槽搬遷了。
  A的說法在這二條中沒有提到,可以排除。B考查對第三句話的理解,C考查對后一句的理解,但都是錯誤的。D的說法恰好是文中所述的第二個論據。
  25. C
  題目問根據這篇材料,經歷過人生起伏的人們可能會……
  A,面對困難時會感到緊張。
  B,精神上、肉體上都會感到緊張。
  C,更能應對困境。
  D,對發生在身上的事情無動于衷。
  后一題往往考查對后一段或者全篇的理解,從題干中的ups and downs來看,因為前文沒有明確論述過ups and downs,所以本題考查后一段的可能性大。而觀察四個題支,其所述內容在前面幾段基本沒有提及,由此可以斷定本題答案在后一段。
  后一段可以找到一句話和題干所述的意義非常接近:Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before。這里的come through periods of stress應該等同于experienced ups and downs,而with more physical and mental vigor than they had before則是經歷過人生起伏后的結果,也就是肉體和精神上更具活力。
  四個選項中C的說法與此為接近。B較有迷惑性,但要注意strained是指緊張的、疲倦的,和文意的“更有活力”恰好相反。

  編輯推薦:
  2011年12月英語四級閱讀試題及答案匯總
  2011年6月英語四級閱讀試題及答案匯總

責編:tanj  評論  糾錯

課程免費試聽
?γ??????? ??? ???/???? ??????? ????
????????????????????????????????? ????? ??100 / ??100 ????
???????????????????????? ????? ??100 / ??100 ????
???????????????????????? ????? ??100 / ??100 ????
??????????????????д???? ????? ??100 / ??100 ????
主站蜘蛛池模板: 即墨市| 格尔木市| 潞城市| 犍为县| 瑞昌市| 皮山县| 江阴市| 青冈县| 湖北省| 梁平县| 桃园市| 沈阳市| 云霄县| 浦江县| 汾阳市| 涿鹿县| 花莲县| 额敏县| 隆昌县| 遂川县| 阿拉善右旗| 分宜县| 吕梁市| 镇远县| 蓬莱市| 绥芬河市| 南投县| 隆回县| 新干县| 称多县| 金堂县| 辉县市| 垣曲县| 正宁县| 西峡县| 武强县| 盐亭县| 长兴县| 洛扎县| 岱山县| 陆川县|