歷年英語四級閱讀真題全解析(2002-2004)
- 第1頁:2002.1-Passageone
- 第2頁:2002.1-PassageTwo
- 第3頁:2002.1-PassageThree
- 第4頁:2002.1-PassageFour
- 第5頁:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6頁:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8頁:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9頁:2003.1-Passage One
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.
People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (殘酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (沖突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻攔者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell, which the dogs follow.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
26. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.
A) for recreation
B) in the interests of the farmers
C) to limit the fox population
D) to show off their wealth(A)
27. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A) It involves the use of a deadly poison.
B) It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C) The hunters have set rules to follow.
D) The hunters have to go through strict training.(C)
28. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ________.
A) by resorting to violence
B) by confusing the fox hunters
C) by taking legal action
D) by demonstrating on the scene(B)
29. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________.
A) prohibit farmers from hunting foxes
B) forbid hunting foxes with dogs
C) stop hunting wild animals in the countryside
D) prevent large-scale fox hunting(B)
30. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A) killing foxes with poison is illegal
B) limiting the fox population is unnecessary
C) hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent
D) fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich(C)
這篇材料講的是獵狐運動的興衰。前三段可以看做是一個部分,主要論述獵狐運動的源起和特點。后兩段的主要內容則是反獵狐運動的興起。
開頭從狐貍與農民的關系講起,講到狐貍自古就被認為是家畜殺手,從而被正式歸為對人類有害的動物,農民們通過射殺和毒殺的方式不遺余力地減少狐貍的數量(farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them)。從這一段可以看到,狐貍因對人類有害而遭到滅殺,這可以說獵狐運動得以興起的緣由之一。
第二段開始介紹獵狐運動的特點,而把這一內容與上文連接起來的就是第二段句話。獵狐,也就是一群經過特殊訓練的狗在鄉村追蹤狐貍,騎馬的男女跟在狗群的后面。狗群捉住狐貍以后便會把它們咬死,或由獵手用槍擊斃(When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it)。
參與獵狐的人們把獵狐當作是一種運動,他們因此會身穿特殊的制服,紅帽白褲,遵循嚴格的行為規則(follow strict codes of behavior)。而擁有馬匹和定期打獵是很燒錢的,所以大多數獵手都是富翁。
第四段開始講反對獵狐運動,講到反對者的人數在過去二十年內猛增(the number of people opposed to fox hunting…… has risen sharply),反對的原因就是:殘忍(because they think it isbrutal)。反對者與獵手的沖突幾乎在每次獵狐運動中都會發生(it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind ofconfrontation),那么反對者通常會采取哪些行動呢?少數會升級為暴力事件,但多數情況下,反對者會采取誤導騎手和祛除狐貍留下的氣味等方式(misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell)。
這種沖突只不過是對正在進行的獵狐運動的阻撓,運動本身還是可以繼續。然而近年來獵狐運動本身開始面臨嚴重的威脅。后一段講到,工黨某議員正在促使議會兩院通過一項新的法律,宣布驅使獵狗獵殺野生動物為非法(trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal)。如果這項法律獲得通過,那么像狐貍這樣的野生動物在英國就將受到保護(wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain)。
26. A
題目問英國的富人進行獵狐運動的目的是什么。
A,為了消遣。第三段句話:People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport,這一句道出了參與獵狐的人對獵狐本身的看法——sport,一種運動。運動與競技體育不同,其本身即是一種娛樂消遣。因此A的說法是對的。
B,為了保護農民的利益。看第二段句:Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population, 農民為了控制狐貍的數量,會召集當地的獵戶去獵殺狐貍。這應該是獵狐運動的緣起,自此后,很多人就模仿獵戶的行為,終使獵狐成為一種運動。可以說,富人 們參與獵狐純粹是為了消遣,而不是為了農民的利益。二者之間的聯系僅僅是:農民為了自己的利益召集獵人獵狐,富人模仿獵狐者,使獵狐本身成為一種富人自己 的消遣運動。
C,為了限制狐貍的數量。限制狐貍的數量符合農民的利益,與富人無關。
D,為了顯示他們的富有。這個選項與But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy一句有關。此句意思比較易懂:擁有馬匹和定期狩獵是相當費錢的,因此大多數獵手都是有錢人。這里僅僅說明參與獵狐的條件之一:有錢;不能從中推導出獵狐是為了炫富。
27. C
題目問英國獵狐的特別之處是什么。
A,會使用一種致命毒藥。這一說法在文中確實提到了:farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them,農民們為了減少狐貍的數量會采用射殺或毒殺等等手段。需要注意的是農民的自發行為并不是狩獵運動,而是一種自衛行為,它與為了生計(獵戶)和為了消遣(富人)的獵殺行為是不一樣的。因此,嚴格的說,A的說法指的并不是獵狐運動,不符合題意。
B,這是一種花銷昂貴的運動,較少發生?!盎ㄤN昂貴”在文中可以找到相應的注腳:owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive;但注意這里的一個單詞——regularly,“定期的”,既然是定期舉行,顯然不是rarely了,B錯誤。
C,獵手們制定了需要遵守的規則。這句話也可以在文中找到相應的內容:follow strict codes of behavior;Codes of behavior,是行為規范的意思,也就是C所說的規則。C是對的。
D,獵手必須經過嚴格的訓練。這句話來源于follow strict codes of behavior,是在考查對code的理解。Code有密碼的意思,另有“法規”之意。可見這里沒有“訓練”的意思。
28. B
題目問反對獵狐者經常通過什么方式干預獵狐運動。
A,訴諸暴力。
B,擾亂獵狐者。
C,采取法律行動。
D,在獵狐現場示威。
文章講到反對獵狐者干預獵狐運動是在后兩段,而通過什么具體方式干預獵狐則是倒數第二段的內容。這一段大致講到了三種方式,一是violence,二是misleading riders,三是disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell。根據文中交代,violence的發生頻率是sometimes(有時),而后二者是mostly(大部分)。題目問的often(經常),那么顯然應該指的是后二者。B與第二項意思一致,應該選擇B。
29. B
題目問英國議會可能會通過一項新法律,這項法律……
A,禁止農民獵狐。
B,禁止使用獵犬獵狐。
C,禁止在鄉村獵殺野生動物。
D,防止大規模的獵狐運動。
文章提到英國議會可能通過與獵狐有關的法律是在后一段的后半部分:Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain,從這里可以看出,出臺這項法律的目的是要make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal——使“驅狗獵殺野生動物”變為非法。這里有兩個限定條件,一,獵殺對象是野生動物;二,獵殺方式是驅狗獵殺。四個選項中,A和D沒有涉及這兩條,可以排除。B涉及狩獵方式和對象,方式是驅狗狩獵,對象是狐貍。狩獵方式與文中的限定條件一致,狐貍屬于野生動物,也符合對象條件,因此B是正確的。C則缺少了驅狗狩獵這一狩獵方式,是不對的。
30. C
題目問從文章中可以推斷出什么。
A,毒殺狐貍是非法的。文中講到毒殺只有一處,farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them。這是在講述獵狐運動的緣起時提到的,文章沒有介紹毒殺行為是否違法,也無從推斷出這個結論。
B,限制狐貍數量是沒有必要的。第二段講到Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population,意思是農民們召集獵手來限制狐貍的數量,其原因是狐貍傷害家畜。從這個意義上說,限制狐貍數量有一定必要性。當然,這個推理也許有些牽強,但按照B的說法,推理出限制狐貍數量沒有必要就是完全無中生有了。
C,驅狗獵殺狐貍被認為是殘忍和暴力的。反對獵狐者認為獵狐是brutal(殘忍的),驅狗獵狐屬于獵狐的一種,當然也是殘忍的,所以這個選項的說法正確。
D,獵狐經常會引發窮人與富人之間的沖突。文中倒數第二段提到了confrontation,沖突雙方也交代得很清楚:between hunters and huntsaboteurs,獵手與反對獵殺者。根據文意,獵手一般屬于富人;但反對獵殺者是否代表窮人呢?答案是不一定。所以D的說法不正確。
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.
People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (殘酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (沖突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻攔者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell, which the dogs follow.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
26. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.
A) for recreation
B) in the interests of the farmers
C) to limit the fox population
D) to show off their wealth(A)
27. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A) It involves the use of a deadly poison.
B) It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C) The hunters have set rules to follow.
D) The hunters have to go through strict training.(C)
28. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ________.
A) by resorting to violence
B) by confusing the fox hunters
C) by taking legal action
D) by demonstrating on the scene(B)
29. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________.
A) prohibit farmers from hunting foxes
B) forbid hunting foxes with dogs
C) stop hunting wild animals in the countryside
D) prevent large-scale fox hunting(B)
30. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A) killing foxes with poison is illegal
B) limiting the fox population is unnecessary
C) hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent
D) fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich(C)
這篇材料講的是獵狐運動的興衰。前三段可以看做是一個部分,主要論述獵狐運動的源起和特點。后兩段的主要內容則是反獵狐運動的興起。
開頭從狐貍與農民的關系講起,講到狐貍自古就被認為是家畜殺手,從而被正式歸為對人類有害的動物,農民們通過射殺和毒殺的方式不遺余力地減少狐貍的數量(farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them)。從這一段可以看到,狐貍因對人類有害而遭到滅殺,這可以說獵狐運動得以興起的緣由之一。
第二段開始介紹獵狐運動的特點,而把這一內容與上文連接起來的就是第二段句話。獵狐,也就是一群經過特殊訓練的狗在鄉村追蹤狐貍,騎馬的男女跟在狗群的后面。狗群捉住狐貍以后便會把它們咬死,或由獵手用槍擊斃(When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it)。
參與獵狐的人們把獵狐當作是一種運動,他們因此會身穿特殊的制服,紅帽白褲,遵循嚴格的行為規則(follow strict codes of behavior)。而擁有馬匹和定期打獵是很燒錢的,所以大多數獵手都是富翁。
第四段開始講反對獵狐運動,講到反對者的人數在過去二十年內猛增(the number of people opposed to fox hunting…… has risen sharply),反對的原因就是:殘忍(because they think it isbrutal)。反對者與獵手的沖突幾乎在每次獵狐運動中都會發生(it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind ofconfrontation),那么反對者通常會采取哪些行動呢?少數會升級為暴力事件,但多數情況下,反對者會采取誤導騎手和祛除狐貍留下的氣味等方式(misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell)。
這種沖突只不過是對正在進行的獵狐運動的阻撓,運動本身還是可以繼續。然而近年來獵狐運動本身開始面臨嚴重的威脅。后一段講到,工黨某議員正在促使議會兩院通過一項新的法律,宣布驅使獵狗獵殺野生動物為非法(trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal)。如果這項法律獲得通過,那么像狐貍這樣的野生動物在英國就將受到保護(wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain)。
26. A
題目問英國的富人進行獵狐運動的目的是什么。
A,為了消遣。第三段句話:People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport,這一句道出了參與獵狐的人對獵狐本身的看法——sport,一種運動。運動與競技體育不同,其本身即是一種娛樂消遣。因此A的說法是對的。
B,為了保護農民的利益。看第二段句:Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population, 農民為了控制狐貍的數量,會召集當地的獵戶去獵殺狐貍。這應該是獵狐運動的緣起,自此后,很多人就模仿獵戶的行為,終使獵狐成為一種運動。可以說,富人 們參與獵狐純粹是為了消遣,而不是為了農民的利益。二者之間的聯系僅僅是:農民為了自己的利益召集獵人獵狐,富人模仿獵狐者,使獵狐本身成為一種富人自己 的消遣運動。
C,為了限制狐貍的數量。限制狐貍的數量符合農民的利益,與富人無關。
D,為了顯示他們的富有。這個選項與But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy一句有關。此句意思比較易懂:擁有馬匹和定期狩獵是相當費錢的,因此大多數獵手都是有錢人。這里僅僅說明參與獵狐的條件之一:有錢;不能從中推導出獵狐是為了炫富。
27. C
題目問英國獵狐的特別之處是什么。
A,會使用一種致命毒藥。這一說法在文中確實提到了:farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them,農民們為了減少狐貍的數量會采用射殺或毒殺等等手段。需要注意的是農民的自發行為并不是狩獵運動,而是一種自衛行為,它與為了生計(獵戶)和為了消遣(富人)的獵殺行為是不一樣的。因此,嚴格的說,A的說法指的并不是獵狐運動,不符合題意。
B,這是一種花銷昂貴的運動,較少發生?!盎ㄤN昂貴”在文中可以找到相應的注腳:owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive;但注意這里的一個單詞——regularly,“定期的”,既然是定期舉行,顯然不是rarely了,B錯誤。
C,獵手們制定了需要遵守的規則。這句話也可以在文中找到相應的內容:follow strict codes of behavior;Codes of behavior,是行為規范的意思,也就是C所說的規則。C是對的。
D,獵手必須經過嚴格的訓練。這句話來源于follow strict codes of behavior,是在考查對code的理解。Code有密碼的意思,另有“法規”之意。可見這里沒有“訓練”的意思。
28. B
題目問反對獵狐者經常通過什么方式干預獵狐運動。
A,訴諸暴力。
B,擾亂獵狐者。
C,采取法律行動。
D,在獵狐現場示威。
文章講到反對獵狐者干預獵狐運動是在后兩段,而通過什么具體方式干預獵狐則是倒數第二段的內容。這一段大致講到了三種方式,一是violence,二是misleading riders,三是disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell。根據文中交代,violence的發生頻率是sometimes(有時),而后二者是mostly(大部分)。題目問的often(經常),那么顯然應該指的是后二者。B與第二項意思一致,應該選擇B。
29. B
題目問英國議會可能會通過一項新法律,這項法律……
A,禁止農民獵狐。
B,禁止使用獵犬獵狐。
C,禁止在鄉村獵殺野生動物。
D,防止大規模的獵狐運動。
文章提到英國議會可能通過與獵狐有關的法律是在后一段的后半部分:Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain,從這里可以看出,出臺這項法律的目的是要make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal——使“驅狗獵殺野生動物”變為非法。這里有兩個限定條件,一,獵殺對象是野生動物;二,獵殺方式是驅狗獵殺。四個選項中,A和D沒有涉及這兩條,可以排除。B涉及狩獵方式和對象,方式是驅狗狩獵,對象是狐貍。狩獵方式與文中的限定條件一致,狐貍屬于野生動物,也符合對象條件,因此B是正確的。C則缺少了驅狗狩獵這一狩獵方式,是不對的。
30. C
題目問從文章中可以推斷出什么。
A,毒殺狐貍是非法的。文中講到毒殺只有一處,farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them。這是在講述獵狐運動的緣起時提到的,文章沒有介紹毒殺行為是否違法,也無從推斷出這個結論。
B,限制狐貍數量是沒有必要的。第二段講到Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population,意思是農民們召集獵手來限制狐貍的數量,其原因是狐貍傷害家畜。從這個意義上說,限制狐貍數量有一定必要性。當然,這個推理也許有些牽強,但按照B的說法,推理出限制狐貍數量沒有必要就是完全無中生有了。
C,驅狗獵殺狐貍被認為是殘忍和暴力的。反對獵狐者認為獵狐是brutal(殘忍的),驅狗獵狐屬于獵狐的一種,當然也是殘忍的,所以這個選項的說法正確。
D,獵狐經常會引發窮人與富人之間的沖突。文中倒數第二段提到了confrontation,沖突雙方也交代得很清楚:between hunters and huntsaboteurs,獵手與反對獵殺者。根據文意,獵手一般屬于富人;但反對獵殺者是否代表窮人呢?答案是不一定。所以D的說法不正確。
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